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Neuro & psychopharmacology > syndromen/ziektes/Disorders > Flashcards

syndromen/ziektes/Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

orofacial dyspraxia

A

impaired ability to perform coordination movements required for speech

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2
Q

hemianopia

A

cortical blindness restricted to 1 half of the visual field (damage in V1 in 1 hemisphere)

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3
Q

scotoma

A

small region of cortical blindness

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4
Q

quandrantanopia

A

cortical blindness restricted to a quarter of the visual field

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5
Q

blindsight

A

symptom in which patient denies having seen a visual stimulus even though behavior implies that stimulus was in fact seen

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6
Q

achromatopsia

A

brain damage that impairs color perception

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7
Q

akinetopsia

A

brain damage that impairs movement perception

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8
Q

apperceptive agnosia

A

failure to understand the meaning of objects due to a deficit at the level of object perception

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9
Q

associative agnosia

A

failure to understand meaning of objects due to deficit at level of semantic memory

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10
Q

integrative agnosia

A

failure to integrate parts into wholes in visual perception

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11
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize previously familiar faces

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12
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

hypokinetic disorder of the basal ganglia (poverty of movement)

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13
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

hyperkinetic disorder of the basal ganglia (excess of movement)

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14
Q

semantic dementia

A

progressive loss of information from semantic memory

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15
Q

dysgraphia

A

difficulties in spelling & writing

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16
Q

classical single dissociation

A

when patient performs entirely normal on task B compared to control group

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17
Q

strong single dissociation

A

when patient is impaired on both tasks but significantly more impaired on one

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18
Q

syndrome

A

a cluster of different symptoms that are believed to be related in some meaningful way

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19
Q

single dissociation

A

situation in which a patient is impaired on task A but relatively spared on task B

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20
Q

congenital amusia

A

tone-deafness = developmental difficulty in perceiving pitch-relationships

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21
Q

pure word deafness

A

type of auditory agnosia in which patients are able to identify environmental sounds & music bot not speech

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22
Q

inattentional blindness

A

failure to be aware of visual stimulus because attention is directed away from it

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23
Q

change blindness

A

failure to notice (dis)appearance of objects between 2 alternating images

24
Q

hemispatial neglect

A

failure to attend to stimuli on the opposite side of space to a brain lesion

25
Q

pseudo neglect

A

over-attention to the left side of space in a non-lesioned brain

26
Q

simultanagnosia

A

inability to perceive more than 1 object at a time

27
Q

hemiplegia

A

damage to 1 side of primary motor cortex results in a failure to voluntarily move other side of the body

28
Q

optic ataxia

A

inability to use vision ta accurately guide action without basic deficits in visual discrimination or voluntary movement per se

29
Q

ideomotor apraxia

A

inability to produce appropriate gestures given an object, word or command

30
Q

Tourette’s syndrome

A

hyperkinetic disorder: neuropsychiatric disorder with an onset in childhood characterized by the presence of motor &/ vocal tics

31
Q

amnesia

A

difficulty memorizing & remembering events

32
Q

confabulation

A

false memory that is sometimes self-contradictory without an intention to lie

33
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

aphasia associated with damage to Wernicke’s area & linked to fluent but nonsensical speech & poor comprehension

34
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

aphasia associated with damage to Broca’s area & linked to symptoms: agrammatism & articulatory deficits

35
Q

agrammatism

A

halting, “telegraphic” speech production that is devoid of function words, bound morphemes& often verbs

36
Q

Freudian slip

A

substitution of one word for another that is sometimes though to reflect the hidden intentions of the speaker

37
Q

spoonerisms

A

speech error in which initial consonants are swapped between words

38
Q

malapropisms

A

speech error that consists of a word with a similar phonological form to the intended word

39
Q

anomia

A

word-finding difficulties

40
Q

apraxia for speech

A

difficulties in shaping the vocal tract

41
Q

dysarthria

A

impaired muscular contractions of the articulatory apparatus

42
Q

pure alexia

A

type of peripheral dyslexia= difficulty in reading words in which reading time ↑ proportionally to the length of the word (letter-by-letter reading)

43
Q

peripheral dyslexia

A

disruption of reading arising up to the level of computation of a visual word form

44
Q

central dyslexia

A

disruption of reading arising after computation of a visual word form

45
Q

surface dyslexia

A

form of acquired central dyslexia: ability to read nonwords & regularly spelled words better than irregularly spelled words → lexical-semantic route impaired

46
Q

phonological dyslexia

A

form of acquired central dyslexia: ability to read real words better than nonwords → grapheme-phoneme route impaired

47
Q

deep dyslexia

A

form of acquired central dyslexia: real words are read better than nonwords & semantic errors are made in reading →both routes impaired

48
Q

developmental dyslexia

A

problems in literacy acquisition that cannot be attributed to lack of opportunity/basic sensory deficits

49
Q

surface dysgraphia

A

acquired dysgraphia: patienets better at spelling regularly spelled words & nonwords and are poor with irregularly spelled words

50
Q

phonological dysgraphia

A

acquired dysgraphia: able to spell real words better than nonwords

51
Q

deep dysgraphia

A

acquired dysgraphia: impaired in both routes

52
Q

sociopathy

A

= anti-social personality disorder
= personality disorder associated with irresponsible & unreliable behaviour that is not personally advantageous
- inability to form lasting commitments or relationships
- egocentric thinking
- marked degree of impulsivity

53
Q

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A

unusual tameness & emotional blunting; tendency to examine objects with the mouth; dietary changes after bilateral amygdala &temporal lesions in monkeys

54
Q

Capgras syndrome

A

paople report that their acquaintances have been replaced by ‘body doubles’

55
Q

autism

A

presence of markedly abnormal/imaired development in social interaction & communication & a markedly restricted repertoire of activities & interests

Neuro & psychopharmacology (19 decks)

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