H16 The social & emotional brain Flashcards
emotion
a state associated with stimuli that are rewarding or punishing & often have an inherent survival value
mentalizing
process of inferring/attributing mental states to others
mirroring
process of sharing the emotions or mental states of others
mood
an emotional state that is extended over time
expression
external motor outcomes in the face &body associated with emotional states
James-Lange theory
self-perception of bodily changes produces emotional experience (vb one is sad because one cries)
Cannon-Bard theory
theory centered on the hypothalamus’ role in emotions in which bodily responses occur after the emotion itself
Papez circuit
limbic-based circuit that was once thought to constitute a largely undifferentiated “emotional” brain
basic emotions approach
different categories assumed to be independent of culture & with their own biological basis
Darwin’s theory of emotion
-assumption that human emotions possess continuity with their animal counterparts
-documented outward manifestations of emotions (expressions)
Freud’s theory of emotion
-assumptions that human emotions possess continuity with their animal counterparts
- minds could be diveded in id, ego & super-ego
- emotions are an unconscious bias on our behaviour
- mental health problems could be understood as emotional disturbances
theory of Barret
-assumes all emotions tap into system termed core affect, organized along 2 dimensions: pleasant-unpleasant & high-low arousal
-categories of emotion are constructed
-facial expressions culturally constructed from experience
moral emotions
emotions related to behaviour of oneself (in relation to others) or others (in relation to oneself or others)
theory of Rolls
-constructionist approach without relying on set of basic emotions
-reward & punishment instead of core affect
-eliciting stimulus is considered part of the emotional state
amygdala
part of limbic system, implicated in learning emotional value of stimuli
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
unusual tameness & emotional blunting; tendency to examine objects with the mouth; dietary changes after bilateral amygdala &temporal lesions in monkeys
skin conductance response (SCR)
changes in electrical conductivity on a person’s skin, triggered by certain stimuli
insula
involved in body perception & contains primary gustatory cortex; responds to disgust
interoception
sensory system for monitoring internal state of the body
extinction learning
learning that a previously rewarded stimulus is no longer rewarded
parts of the brain involved in emotions
-amygdala
-insula
-orbitofrontal cortex
-anterior cingulate
- ventral striatum
ventral striatum
part of basal ganglia that includes nucleus accumbens: involved in a limbic circuit connecting orbitofrontal cortex , basal ganglia & thalamus
conspecific
other members of the = species
simulation theory
theory that we understand others by producing their current state in ourselves
social referencing
emotional response of another person may lead to avoidance or interaction with a previously neutral stimulus
Capgras syndrome
people report that their acquaintances have been replaced by ‘body doubles’
theory of mind
ability to represent the mental states of others
empathy
ability to appreciate others’ point of view & share their experiences
mirror systems
neural circuits/ regions that disregards the distinction between self & others
autism
presence of markedly abnormal/imaired development in social interaction & communication & a markedly restricted repertoire of activities & interests
Asperger syndrome
variant of autism linked to high intelligence
test of false belief
belief that differs from one’s own belief & from the true state of the world
broken-mirror theory
account of autism in which the social difficulties are considered as a consequence of mirror-system dysfunctions
Mu oscillations
EEG oscillations at 8-13Hz over the sensorimotor cortex, greatest when participants are at rest
key regions involved in mentalizing
=neural basis theory of mind
- temporal poles
- medial prefrontal cortex
- temporoparietal junction (TPJ)
