H9 The attending brain

Question 1

attention

Answer 1

process by which certain information is selected for further processing & other information discarded

Question 2

inattentional blindness

Answer 2

failure to be aware of visual stimulus because attention is directed away from it

Question 3

change blindness

Answer 3

failure to notice (dis)appearance of objects between 2 alternating images

Question 4

salient

Answer 4

any aspect of stimulus that stands out from the rest

Question 5

orienting

Answer 5

movement of attention from 1 location to another

Question 6

covert orienting

Answer 6

movement of attention without moving eyes/body

Question 7

overt orienting

Answer 7

movement of attention accompanied by movement of eyes/body

Question 8

inhibition of return

Answer 8

slowing of reaction time associated with going back to previously attended location

Question 9

exogenous orienting

Answer 9

attention that is externally guided by a stimulus

Question 10

endogenous orienting

Answer 10

attention is guided by goals of the perceiver

Question 11

visual search paradigm

Answer 11

task of detecting presence/absence of specific target object in an array of distracting objects

Question 12

object-based attention

Answer 12

form of non-spatial attention: when 2 objects transparently superimposed in = location, participants can still selectively attend to 1

Question 13

attentional blink

Answer 13

form of non-spatial attention: inability to report target stimulus if it appears soon after another target stimulus

Question 14

lateral intraparietal region (LIP)

Answer 14

contains neurons that respond to salient stimuli & are used to plan eye movements

Question 15

saccade

Answer 15

fast, ballistic movement of the eyes

Question 16

salience map

Answer 16

spatial layout that emphasises most behaviorally relevant stimuli in the environment

Question 17

remapping

Answer 17

adjusting 1 set of spatial coordinates to be aligned with a different coordinate system

Question 18

frontal eye field (FEF)

Answer 18

part of frontal lobes responsible for voluntary movement of the eyes

Question 19

hemispatial neglect

Answer 19

failure to attend to stimuli on the opposite side of space to a brain lesion

Question 20

pseudo neglect

Answer 20

over-attention to the left side of space in a non-lesioned brain

Question 21

feature integration theory (FIT)

Answer 21

model of how attention selects perceptual objects & binds different features into reportable experience

Question 22

pop out

Answer 22

the ability to detect an object among distractor objects in situations where #distractors presented in unimportant

Question 23

illusory conjunctions

Answer 23

situation in which visual features of 2 objects are incorrectly perceived as being associated with a single object

Question 24

early selection model of attention

Answer 24

theory of attention in which info is selected according to perceptual attributes (vb FIT)

Question 25

late selection model of attention

Answer 25

theory of attention in which all incoming info is processed up to the level of meaning before being selected for further processing (vb negative priming)

Question 26

negative priming effect

Answer 26

if an ignored object suddenly becomes the attended object, participants are slower at processing it

Question 27

biased competition theory

Answer 27

theory that states attention is an emergent property of many neural mechanisms working to resolve competitions for perceptual processing &control of behavior
assumption that:
- competition occurs at multiple stages
-perception = parallel & motor = serial

Question 28

extinction

Answer 28

unawareness of a stimulus in the presence of competing stimuli in the context of attention

Question 29

Balint’s syndrome

Answer 29

severe difficulty in spatial processing normally following bilateral lesions of the parietal lobe
symptoms: simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, optic apraxia

Question 30

simultanagnosia

Answer 30

inability to perceive more than 1 object at a time

Question 31

line bisection task

Answer 31

task involving judging the central point of a line

Question 32

cancellation task

Answer 32

variant of visual search paradigm: patient must search for targets in an array, normally striking them through as they are found

Question 33

egocentric space

Answer 33

map of space coded relative to the position of the body

Question 34

allocentric space

Answer 34

map of space coding the locations of objects & places relative to each other

Question 35

personal space

Answer 35

bodily space

Question 36

peripersonal space

Answer 36

space outside of the body