H9 The attending brain Flashcards
attention
process by which certain information is selected for further processing & other information discarded
inattentional blindness
failure to be aware of visual stimulus because attention is directed away from it
change blindness
failure to notice (dis)appearance of objects between 2 alternating images
salient
any aspect of stimulus that stands out from the rest
orienting
movement of attention from 1 location to another
covert orienting
movement of attention without moving eyes/body
overt orienting
movement of attention accompanied by movement of eyes/body
inhibition of return
slowing of reaction time associated with going back to previously attended location
exogenous orienting
attention that is externally guided by a stimulus
endogenous orienting
attention is guided by goals of the perceiver
visual search paradigm
task of detecting presence/absence of specific target object in an array of distracting objects
object-based attention
form of non-spatial attention: when 2 objects transparently superimposed in = location, participants can still selectively attend to 1
attentional blink
form of non-spatial attention: inability to report target stimulus if it appears soon after another target stimulus
lateral intraparietal region (LIP)
contains neurons that respond to salient stimuli & are used to plan eye movements
saccade
fast, ballistic movement of the eyes
salience map
spatial layout that emphasises most behaviorally relevant stimuli in the environment
remapping
adjusting 1 set of spatial coordinates to be aligned with a different coordinate system
frontal eye field (FEF)
part of frontal lobes responsible for voluntary movement of the eyes
hemispatial neglect
failure to attend to stimuli on the opposite side of space to a brain lesion
pseudo neglect
over-attention to the left side of space in a non-lesioned brain
feature integration theory (FIT)
model of how attention selects perceptual objects & binds different features into reportable experience
pop out
the ability to detect an object among distractor objects in situations where #distractors presented in unimportant
illusory conjunctions
situation in which visual features of 2 objects are incorrectly perceived as being associated with a single object
early selection model of attention
theory of attention in which info is selected according to perceptual attributes (vb FIT)
late selection model of attention
theory of attention in which all incoming info is processed up to the level of meaning before being selected for further processing (vb negative priming)
negative priming effect
if an ignored object suddenly becomes the attended object, participants are slower at processing it
biased competition theory
theory that states attention is an emergent property of many neural mechanisms working to resolve competitions for perceptual processing &control of behavior
assumption that:
- competition occurs at multiple stages
-perception = parallel & motor = serial
extinction
unawareness of a stimulus in the presence of competing stimuli in the context of attention
Balint’s syndrome
severe difficulty in spatial processing normally following bilateral lesions of the parietal lobe
symptoms: simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, optic apraxia
simultanagnosia
inability to perceive more than 1 object at a time
line bisection task
task involving judging the central point of a line
cancellation task
variant of visual search paradigm: patient must search for targets in an array, normally striking them through as they are found
egocentric space
map of space coded relative to the position of the body
allocentric space
map of space coding the locations of objects & places relative to each other
personal space
bodily space
peripersonal space
space outside of the body
