H13 The literate brain

Question 1

visual lexicon

Answer 1

store of the structure of known written words

Question 2

basic model visual word recognition (top-down influences)

Answer 2

detection of visual features ↔ letter recognition ↔ visual word recognition ↔ meaning (semantics)

Question 3

VWFA

Answer 3

visual word form area (in fusiform gyrus)
→ responds to learned letters vs pseudo-letters
→responds to lower- & upper-case letters even when visually different …

Question 4

pure alexia

Answer 4

type of peripheral dyslexia= difficulty in reading words in which reading time ↑ proportionally to the length of the word (letter-by-letter reading)

Question 5

peripheral dyslexia

Answer 5

disruption of reading arising up to the level of computation of a visual word form

Question 6

central dyslexia

Answer 6

disruption of reading arising after computation of a visual word form

Question 7

fixation

Answer 7

stationary pause between eye movements

Question 8

surface dyslexia

Answer 8

form of acquired central dyslexia: ability to read nonwords & regularly spelled words better than irregularly spelled words → lexical-semantic route impaired

Question 9

phonological dyslexia

Answer 9

form of acquired central dyslexia: ability to read real words better than nonwords → grapheme-phoneme route impaired

Question 10

dual-route model of reading

Answer 10

-lexical-semantic route: visual analysis→letter recognition→visual lexicon→semantic memory→phonological lexicon→speech production process

-grapheme-phoneme route: visual analysis→letter recognition→ grapheme-phoneme conversion→ speech production process

Question 11

deep dyslexia

Answer 11

form of acquired central dyslexia: real words are read better than nonwords & semantic errors are made in reading →both routes impaired

Question 12

summation hypothesis

Answer 12

states that lexical representations in reading are selected by summing the activation from semantic system + grapheme-phoneme conversion

Question 13

developmental dyslexia

Answer 13

problems in literacy acquisition that cannot be attributed to lack of opportunity/basic sensory deficits

Question 14

phonological awareness

Answer 14

ability to explicitly segment a speech stream into units such as syllables, rimes & phonemes

Question 15

dysgraphia

Answer 15

difficulties in spelling & writing

Question 16

graphemic buffer

Answer 16

STM component that maintains a string of abstract letter identities while output processes are engaged

Question 17

surface dysgraphia

Answer 17

acquired dysgraphia: patients better at spelling regularly spelled words & nonwords and are poor with irregularly spelled words

Question 18

phonological dysgraphia

Answer 18

acquired dysgraphia: able to spell real words better than nonwords

Question 19

deep dysgraphia

Answer 19

acquired dysgraphia: impaired in both routes