Sync Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of older adults are taking at least 1 medication?

A

> 90%

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2
Q

What percentage of older adults are on poly pharmacy (5+ meds)?

A

> 40%

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3
Q

When should medication gathering be completed?

A

History (subjective exam)

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4
Q

What is medication review?

A

Review of all medications a patient is currently taking

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5
Q

What is medication reconciliation?

A

Noting any errors to what the patient is taking and what they are supposed to be taking

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6
Q

Prescribing cascade

A

Taking a drug to treat a side effect from a drug

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7
Q

What errors do you want to avoid in medication reconciliation?

A

Duplications, omissions, dosing errors, and drug interactions

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8
Q

What is omission?

A

Medication a patient is taking that is not listed

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9
Q

What is commission?

A

A medication a patient is not taking that is listed

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10
Q

What are the steps for medication reconciliation?

A

Assemble list of current meds

Confirm a list of prescribed meds

Compare two lists

Identify any concerns

Communicate concerns to caregiver

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11
Q

Who is the beers criteria intended for?

A

Prescribing providers and adults 65+

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12
Q

What are the causes of cholinergic meds?

A

Increased parasympathetic activity (wet, relaxed)

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13
Q

What are the causes of anticholinergic meds?

A

Decreased parasympathetic activity (dry, fight or flight)

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14
Q

What is a common symptom caused by anticholinergic meds?

A

Sedation, drowsiness, and confusion

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15
Q

What does an agonist have?

A

Both affinity and efficacy

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16
Q

What does an antagonist have?

A

Only affinity

17
Q

What are partial agonists?

A

Create a less than optimal response even though they are capable of occupying receptors

18
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

Acute decrease in drug efficacy often due to repetitive/rapid dosing (dose must be increased to meet same effect)

19
Q

What type of pole does acetic acid have?

20
Q

What type of pole does dexamethasone have?

21
Q

What type of pole does hydrocortisone have?

22
Q

What type of pole does lidocaine have?

23
Q

When are drugs more easily absorbed?

A

In their nonionized form

24
Q

How are weak acids absorbed?

A

Easily from the stomach

25
How are weak bases absorbed?
Easily from the duodenum
26
What does ionized equal?
Polar
27
What tends to happen to polar drugs?
They are excreted
28
What tends to happen to non polar drugs?
They are re absorbed
29
What are the non biological DMARDs used to treat malaria?
Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine Sulfasalazine Methotrexate Leflunomide
30
What do biological DMARDs do?
Blunt autoimmune response but also make patient immunocompromised
31
What are types of biological DMARDs?
Etanercept (enbrel) Adalimumad (humira) Infliximab (remicade)
32
What is used for pain control in osteoarthritis?
Tylenol, NSAIDs, intra-articular steroids, and glucocorticoids