Coagulation And Dyslipidemia Pharm

Question 1

What is a hypercoagulable state?

Answer 1

Too much blood clots (malignancy or pregnancy)

Question 2

What is a vascular wall injury?

Answer 2

A lot of clotting factors needed (trauma or surgery)

Question 3

What is circulatory stasis?

Answer 3

A fib or left ventricular dysfunction

Question 4

What hates clotting?

Answer 4

Hemophilia (factor 2, 7, 8, 11 deficiency and Von Willebrand)

Question 5

What loves clotting?

Answer 5

Inherited hypercoagulable states and acquired hypercoagulable states

Question 6

What do antithrombotic agents do?

Answer 6

Inhibit platelet function and prevent thrombus formation

Question 7

What do antiplatelet agents do?

Answer 7

Inhibit platelet function

Question 8

What do anticoagulant agents do?

Answer 8

Alter clotting factors and prevent thrombus formation

Question 9

What do thrombolytic agents do?

Answer 9

Help breakdown thrombus once formed and restore flow

Question 10

What are the two pathways in the clotting cascade?

Answer 10

Intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 11

What turns on the pathways in the clotting cascade?

Answer 11

Damage to a blood vessel

Question 12

What is the reversal agent for anticoagulants?

Answer 12

Protamine

Question 13

What is heparin used for?

Answer 13

A fib

ACS

Question 14

What are side effects of heparin?

Answer 14

Bleeding and thrombocytopenia

Question 15

What is the most common initial agent used for blood clots?

Answer 15

Heparin (very fast only done through IV)

Question 16

What are some key things to look for if someone gets heparin induced thrombocytopenia?

Answer 16

It may cause a high rate of thrombus formation which can lead to amputation or death

Question 17

What is the difference between LMWH compared to UFH?

Answer 17

Longer onset and more predictable response (less monitoring required)

Question 18

What are the therapeutic uses for anticoagulant warfarin?

Answer 18

Prophylaxis of venous thrombosis

Prevention of systemic embolism

Acute MI

Valvular heart disease

A fib

Question 19

What is important to monitor when taking warfarin?

Answer 19

INR frequently

Question 20

What are side effects of warfarin?

Answer 20

Bleeding

Question 21

What do you want INR to be when taking warfarin?

Answer 21

Between 2 and 3

Question 22

What is warfarin highly affected by?

Answer 22

Diet and other medications

Question 23

What is Pradaxa (direct thrombin inhibitor) therapeutic use?

Answer 23

Non-valvular a fib

Treatment and secondary prevention of VTE

Question 24

What type of medication is pradaxa (direct thrombin inhibitor)?

Answer 24

Anticoagulant (causes bleeding)

Question 25

What are the therapeutic uses of Xarelto, Eliquis, and Savaysa (oral factor-Xa inhibitor)

Answer 25

Non-valvular a fib Treatment and secondary prophylaxis of VTE VTE prophylaxis after hip or knee surgery

Question 26

What type of medication is Xarelto, Eliquis, and Savaysa (oral factor-Xa inhibitor)?

Answer 26

Anticoagulant

Question 27

What are the therapeutic uses for aspirin?

Answer 27

Angina MI CABG Stroke A fib

Question 28

How long should P2Y12 be used with aspirin post heart surgery?

Answer 28

1 year

Question 29

What is used as an alternative to be taken with P2Y12 if a patient is unable to take aspirin?

Answer 29

Clopidrogel

Question 30

What are types of P2Y12 medications?

Answer 30

Plavix Effient Brilinta

Question 31

What is the mechanism of action of anti platelets (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors)?

Answer 31

Inhibits platelet formation by preventing fibrinogen from binding to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors

Question 32

What are glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors medications?

Answer 32

Reopro Integrilin Aggrastat

Question 33

What are the therapeutic uses of thrombolytics?

Answer 33

Stroke PE Catheter clearance

Question 34

What is the action of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

Answer 34

Decrease cholesterol production in the liver

Question 35

How does HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors decrease cholesterol production? (Statins)

Answer 35

Up regulate LDL surface receptors which increases LDL breakdown

Question 36

When do statins work best?

Answer 36

Bedtime

Question 37

What are fibric acid derivatives mainly used for?

Answer 37

High triglycerides

Question 38

What are types of fibric acid derivatives?

Answer 38

Lopid and TriCor

Question 39

What do bile acid sequesterants (questran and zetia) do?

Answer 39

Decrease GI absorption

Question 40

What are statins effects on LDL and triglycerides?

Answer 40

Decreases both

Question 41

What are fibric acid derivatives effects on LDL and triglycerides?

Answer 41

Decreases both

Question 42

What are nicotinic acid effects on LDL and triglycerides?

Answer 42

Decreases both

Question 43

What are bile acid sequesterants effects on LDL and triglycerides?

Answer 43

Decreases LDL but increases triglycerides