Diabetic Pharm Flashcards
What does exocrine equal?
Digestive enzymes
What does endocrine equal?
Islets of Langerhans
What are the 4 cell types of pancreatic islets?
A= glucagon
B= insulin
C= somatostatin
D= pancreatic polypeptide
What are the catabolic reactions of insulin on the liver?
Inhibits Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and conversion of fatty acids and amino acids to keto acids
What are the anabolic actions of insulin on the liver?
Stimulates glycogen synthesis
Increases triglyceride synthesis and LDL formation
What is insulins effect on the muscle?
Increases protein synthesis and glycogen synthesis
What is insulins effect on adipose tissue?
Increases triglyceride storage
What is management of type 1 diabetes?
Insulin and adjunctive therapy
What is the management of type 2 diabetes?
Exogenous insulin, anti-diabetic drugs, and adjunctive therapy
What is the mechanism of action of insulin?
Stimulating peripheral glucose uptake and inhibiting hepatic glucose production
How is insulin administered?
Subcutaneously
What is the dosage of insulin?
0.5-1 unit/kg/day
What is the target blood glucose level for patients?
80-130 mg/dL
What are symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Tachycardia
Irritability
Restlessness
Excessive hunger
Dizziness
Sweaty, clammy skin
How does rapid acting insulin work?
Covers insulin for meals eaten at same time as injection (used with longer acting insulin)
How does short acting insulin work?
Covers insulin needs for meals eaten within 30-60 minutes
What does intermediate acting insulin cover?
Covers insulin needs for half the day or overnight (often combined with short or rapid acting insulin)
What does long acting insulin cover?
Covers insulin needs for one full day
When are pre mixed insulin meds taken?
Twice a day before mealtime
