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Pharmacology > MSK Pharmacology > Flashcards

MSK Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is acetaminophen used for?

A

Mild to moderate pain

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2
Q

What effects does acetaminophen have?

A

Analgesic and anti-pyretic (no anti inflammatory)

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3
Q

What can acetaminophen be toxic to at high doses?

A

Liver

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4
Q

What type of effects does ibuprofen have?

A

Analgesic, anti-pyretic, and anti-inflammatory

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5
Q

What is a characteristic of ibuprofen?

A

Non selective cox inhibitor

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6
Q

What are the effects of aspirin?

A

Analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant (increased risk of bleeding)

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7
Q

What do NSAIDs block?

A

Action of cyclooxygenase

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8
Q

What do NSAIDs decrease?

A

Prostaglandins

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9
Q

What does tissue injury lead to the release of?

A

Membrane phospholipids (converted to AA, then cyclooxygenases, then prostaglandins)

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10
Q

What do prostaglandins cause?

A

Inflammation

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11
Q

What enzymes do NSAIDs block?

A

Both cox ones

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12
Q

What does cox 1 do?

A

Produces protective physiological actions (promotes protection of gastric mucosa)

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13
Q

What does cox 2 produce?

A

Pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and prostacyclin

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14
Q

What do prostacyclin cause?

A

Vasodilation

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15
Q

What can NSAIDs result in?

A

Gastric irritation, GI hemorrhage, and increased cardiac risks

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16
Q

What do prostaglandins protect?

A

GI lining

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17
Q

What do prostaglandins promote?

A

Clotting, inflammation, pain, and fever

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18
Q

What is the goal with NSAIDs?

A

To block only cox 2 and not cox 1 (because cox 1 protects the stomach while cox 2 causes pain)

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19
Q

What do cox 2 selective decrease?

A

GI side effects but increased CV side effects

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20
Q

Is it safe to take acetaminophen and ibuprofen at the same time?

A

Yes

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21
Q

What is Elavil used for?

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

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22
Q

What is Cymbalta used for?

A

Antidepressant (SNRI)

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23
Q

What is Savella used for?

A

Antidepressant (SNRI)

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24
Q

What is Flexeril used for?

A

Muscle relaxant

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25
Q

What is Gabapentin used for?

A

Antiepileptic

26
Q

What is Pregabalin used for?

A

Antiepileptic

27
Q

What is Carbamazepine used for?

A

Antiepileptic

28
Q

What are the three types of opioid receptors?

A

Mu, kappa, and delta

29
Q

What are partial agonist opioids?

A

Tramadol and buprenophine

30
Q

What are antagonist opioids?

A

Narcan and naltrexone

31
Q

What are morphine and most oral narcotics derived from?

A

Opium poppy

32
Q

What is the top prescribed and abused opioid drug?

A

Hydrocodone

33
Q

What are the potency strengths of opioid drugs from lowest to highest?

A

Codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone

34
Q

When are you at increased odds for being on opioids for more than a year?

A

After using it for 5 days

35
Q

What is tolerance?

A

Need more medication for same effect

36
Q

What is physical dependence?

A

Physical symptoms of withdrawal when drug is removed

37
Q

What is misuse/psychological dependence?

A

Behaviors described as loss of control and preoccupation with the substance being abused

38
Q

What is positive reinforcement with opioids?

A

Linked to feelings of reward

39
Q

What is negative reinforcement with opioids?

A

Pain reduction

40
Q

How can buprenorphine and naloxone treat opioid dependence?

A

Agonizes mu and kappa receptors and prevents withdrawal symptoms

41
Q

How does naltrexone treat opioid dependence?

A

Blocks euphoric feelings

42
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Chronic inflammation and proliferation of synovial tissue lining the joint space (autoimmune)

43
Q

What is a common characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Morning stiffness, symmetrical joint pain

44
Q

Where is rheumatoid arthritis most common?

A

Hands and wrist

45
Q

What are the primary goals of meds used for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Reduce inflammation and prevent progression

46
Q

What are meds used for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

NSAIDs

Steroids

DMARDs

47
Q

When should DMARDs begin?

A

Within 3 months of diagnosis

48
Q

What are DMARDs working specifically to do?

A

Stop effects of synovial overproliferation and auto immune response

49
Q

What are DMARDs used to treat?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

50
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Cartilage damage by forces or overuse

51
Q

What age group usually has osteoarthritis?

52
Q

How do patients with osteoarthritis present?

A

Asymmetric joint pain and stiffness

53
Q

What are the common joints with osteoarthritis?

A

Fingers, knees, hip, and spine

54
Q

What meds are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

A

NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and DMARDs

55
Q

What population is most common for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Women age 15-45

56
Q

Nodules

A

Asymptomatic bumpy scar tissue regions (elbows, forearms, and hands)

57
Q

Pulmonary

A

Nodules in lung tissue

58
Q

Ocular

A

Inflammation of sclera, cornea, and lacrimal glands (reduced tear production)

59
Q

Cardiac

A

Pericarditis

60
Q

What will NSAIDs do for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Does not prevent progression but will help with symptoms

61
Q

How long do DMARDs take to work?

62
Q

What type of DMARDs work faster?

A

Biological (produced by living systems)

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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