Neoplastic And Infection Pharm Flashcards
What do most chemotherapy medications do?
Disrupt cellular replication (also damages healthy cells)
What are side effects of chemotherapy?
Hair loss
Constipation
Anemia
Secondary illness (low WBC)
Osteopenia
Poor nutrition
What is the mechanism of alkylating agents (cytoxan)?
Mimics alkyl group to bind to DNA to prevent replication
What is the mechanism of antimetabolites (capecitabine)?
Blocks DNA replication by interfering with metabolites used in replication
What is the mechanism of genetic target (zelboraf)?
Inhibits activity of mutations in cells
What is the mechanism of plant alkaloids (taxol)?
Interferes with cellular microtubules key for mitosis
What is the mechanism of bio-response modifiers (interferons)?
Enhance body’s ability to respond to cancer
What is the mechanism of heavy metals (carboplatin)?
Act similar to alkylating agents except use platinum to form cross links
What does CHOP stand for?
3 chemotherapy drugs + steroid to manage lymphoma
What are the exercise risks when someone is doing chemotherapy?
Bleeding risk and low bone mineral density
What type of meds are used for infectious diseases?
Antibacterial and antiviral
What are gram positive bacteria?
Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci
What are the antibiotics used for gram positive?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
What are gram negative bacteria?
E coli
Pseudomonas
What are antibiotics for gram negative?
Cephalosporins
Zosyn
What are anaerobe bacteria?
C diff
Bacteriodes
What are antibiotics for anaerobe?
Vancomycin
Flagyl
What is empiric therapy?
Choosing an antibiotic before labs come back
What is directed therapy?
Choosing an antibiotic based on lab results
What does minimum inhibitory concentration mean?
Concentration at which the growth of the organism is inhibited
What are the cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
Glycopeptide (vancomycin)
Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams)
What are the cell membrane toxicity antibiotics?
Cyclic lipopeptides (daptomycin)
What are nucleic acid toxicity antibiotics?
Fluoroquinolones (levaquin and cipro)
What are the protein synthesis inhibitors?
Macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines (azithromycin, gentamycin, tetracycline)
What do cell wall synthesis inhibitors do?
Binds to specific penicillin binding proteins and inhibits the final step for peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell wall
What do cell membrane toxicity antibiotics do?
Punches holes in the cell membrane causing fluid disruption and eventually the cell to burst
What do nucleic acid toxicity antibiotics do?
Disrupt the activity of the enzymes responsible for DNA transcription (inhibits replication)
What do protein synthesis inhibitors do?
Causes production of membrane proteins that do not maintain cell membrane function (leads to cell death)
What is C diff?
Severe diarrhea secondary to loss of good bacteria
What are antiviral medications used to treat?
Infections caused by viruses other than HIV
What are antiretroviral medications used to treat?
Infections caused by HIV
What is HSV-1?
Oral herpes
What is HSV-2?
Genital herpes
What are the varicella zoster viruses?
Chickenpox and shingles
What is zovirax for?
Herpes simplex
What is amantadine for?
Flu
What is famvir for?
Herpes zoster (shingles) and simplex
What is foscarvir for?
CMV retinitis
What is cytovene used for?
CMV retinitis
What is tamiflu used for?
Flu
