Nomenclature Flashcards
What part of medication is not in the scope of a PT?
Medication management
What parts of medication are in the scope of a PT?
Medication review and reconciliation
What portions of medications should be included in the subjective exam?
Meds for current condition
Mode of delivery and dosage
Meds previously taken for current condition
Meds for other conditions
Supplements
What is the importance of side effects screening for meds in PT?
We are with the patients more than other providers and can see more
What is the importance of the response to exercise with meds in PT?
Cardiac agents could limit exercise
Long term corticosteroids may impact bone integrity and loading capacity
What is the importance in patients pain perception from meds in PT?
Managing pain is necessary to allow patients to commit to PT as it can serve as a barrier
What is the importance of participation and motivation in rehab from meds in PT?
Impact on cognition
What is a drug?
Any non nutrient chemical which has a physiological effect on the body (positive or negative)
What are the different drug types?
Natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
Use of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose a disease
What is toxicology?
Study of harmful effects of chemicals
What is pharmacodynamics?
Analysis of drug mechanism and effects
What is pharmacokinetics?
Study of how the body processes a drug
What is the easiest way to refer to a drug?
Generic
Which drug is less expensive between generic and brand name?
Generic
What should the brand name drug meet in regards to the generic drug?
Bioequivalency
What is bioequivalency?
Same amount and type of active ingredients
Same administration route
Same pharmacokinetic profile
Same therapeutic effect
What are the positives of over the counter drugs?
Lower drug doses
Increased availability
Less expensive
What are the negatives of over the counter drugs?
Could interact with prescription meds
May delay use of more effective meds
Adverse effects
What do drugs target?
Specific cell type or tissue type
What does dose mean in drugs?
Amount of drug administered
What does a given dose result in?
A given blood concentration
What does a given blood concentration result in?
Given concentration at the target tissue
What must the concentration of a drug be large enough to do?
Be beneficial but without being toxic
Threshold dose
Where response begins and increases until a response plateau is reached
Ceiling effect (maximal efficacy)
Point at which there is no further response (even if dosage is increased)
Potency
Threshold dose that produces a given response
What does a higher potency mean?
Less of drug is required to produce of given response
What does a lower threshold dose equal?
Increased potency
What does not fully indicate a drugs therapeutic potential?
Potency and maximum efficacy
What is a quantal dose response curve?
% of population who exhibit a specific response relative to the dose of drug
What is therapeutic index?
Calculated value to indicate drug safety (safer with high TI)
Median effective dose
Dose at which 50% of the population respond to a drug in a specified manner
Median toxic dose
Dose at which 50% of the population exhibits the adverse effect
Median lethal dose
Dose that causes death in 50%
How long does the drug approval process take?
7-9 years (can fast track for life threatening conditions)
What is the approval process of drug development?
Pre clinical testing
Phase 1- clinical testing (healthy subjects)
Phase 2- limited target population
Phase 3- large target population
New drug approval
Phase 4- monitor general population
What is the abuse schedule for drugs?
How likely someone is to abuse a drug (1 is most likely and 5 is least likely)
What’s an example of a stage 1 drug?
Heroin, LSD
What’s an example of a stage 2 drug?
Opioids (morphine)
Cocaine
What’s an example of a stage 3 drug?
Codeine and anabolic steroids
What’s an example of a stage 4 drug?
Anti anxiety drugs and other depressants/stimulants
What’s an example of a stage 5 drug?
Cough medicine and anti diarrheal medications
What stage drug is marijuana?
Was stage 1 but now is stage 3