Synaptic plasticity

Question 1

Pathway dependent plasticity

Answer 1

A specific pathway is chosen and stimulated and patch clamp used
Deep brain stimulation helps to adapt the brain and change how axons fire afterwards

Question 2

Spike timing dependent plasticity

Answer 2

In AMPA receptor magnesium blocks channel removing it allows for calcium to pass NMDA receptor
Spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is a phenomenon in which the precise timing of spikes affects the sign and magnitude of changes

Question 3

LTP

Answer 3

Long term potentiation

presynaptic cell is stimulated and postsynaptic becomes depolarised

Question 4

LTD

Answer 4

Long term depression is when post synaptic cell is depolarised which stimulates presynaptic

Question 5

Synaptic plasticity with patterns

Answer 5

Synapses are likely to do repeated patterns from experience

Question 6

Silent synapses

Answer 6

Silent synapse refers to a synaptic contact between two neurons where a presynaptic action potential fails to evoke a detectable postsynaptic signal. A synapse can be presynaptically silent if the action potential invading the presynaptic bouton or terminal fails to evoke release of neurotransmitter.

Question 7

Critical periods

Answer 7

Neurones have a period where they are more likely to go through plasticity

Question 8

Experience dependent

Answer 8

Environmental factors produce structure and function changes via sensory inputs
Subject to critical period

Question 9

spinal genesis

Answer 9

Spinal development in age uses plasticity

Learning grows the spine occurred in rats

Question 10

Task specific plasticity

Answer 10

Task specific growth of dendritic spines when trained in the motor cortex
Removal of spine growth made rats bad at the task again

Question 11

Ocular dominance columns

Answer 11

Ocular dominance columns are stripes of neurones in the visual cortex that respond preferentially to input from one eye or the other.

Question 12

EDP

Answer 12

Helps the pattern in the somatosensory cortex

The cortex needs formatting through experience dependent plasticity

Question 13

Human critical period

Answer 13

Senses, language and higher cognition have different critical periods
Senses-Plasticity(sensitivity) is highest at infancy
Language and higher cognition -plasticity(sensitivity) is highest at childhood

Question 14

cell type dependent

Answer 14

Plasticity can be cell type dependent same input can give different responses using different molecular pathways

Question 15

Homeostatic plasticity

Answer 15

homeostatic plasticity refers to the capacity of neurons to regulate their own excitability relative to network at low activity

Question 16

Synaptic scaling

Answer 16

a form of homeostatic plasticity, in which the brain responds to chronically elevated activity in a neural circuit with negative feedback, allowing individual neurons to reduce their overall action potential firing rate.

Question 17

What does sleep have to do with plasticity

Answer 17

Sleep is needed to learn new thing and allow for synaptic wiring in the brain

Question 18

Nitric oxide role in plasticity

Answer 18

Used in LTP and LTD which changes release probability and size of neurotransmitters