Sleep Flashcards
Average sleep length
7 hours
Homeostatic fluctuation during sleep
Temperature
Growth
Cortisol-steroid hormone which is associated with stress at the end of sleep it rises to make all neurones excitable to wakeup
Sleep rhythm without the absence of cues
There is a drift in rhythm when no light is presented
Molecular clock
Genes transcribed and products alter another gene and inhibit the first set of genes
This is reset with light and heat
Melanopsin(black) photoreceptors
Are in the retina and depolarised by light and sends it back into the brain via retinohypothalamic tract into the pineal gland
Pineal gland then creates melatonin
SCN responsible for talking to the pineal gland which changes the circadian rhythm
SCN
Responsible for the sleep wake cycle
SCN cells have rhythmic patterns at circadian frequencies
It controls temperature, hormone secretion and urine production
How many stages of sleep
4 stages of sleep
We go in and out of REM sleep around 5 times
EEG used to record activity
EEG paired with EOG
Stages of sleep
Awake-beta Stage 1- theta Stage 2-sleep spindle Stage 3-alpha waves Stage 4 REM sleep-
REM sleep
Associated with dreaming will brain is active and is paired with pontine reticular which inhibits all movement
Cholinergic neurones are key for activation of REM sleep
Reticular activating system
This is what keeps us awake
Thalamus
Drives us to sleep passes sensory information into the cortex
Bisibility state:responsive to sensory inputs
Second state prevents sensory input from reaching the cortex
Neurotransmitters that keep you awake
Acetylcholine Histamine Serotonine Orexin Neropirephrine
Hypothalamus
Senses internal stimuli and integrates information and communicates with organs, vessels and amygdala
Drugs affecting sleep
Caffeine- Reduces sleeping tome
Benzodiazepine- Creates brief time in sleep
sleep spindles
Sleep spindles are a pattern of brain waves that occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep.
