Memory Flashcards
Immediate memory
Memory in a fraction of memory counts towards short term memory
Working memory
Between seconds and minutes and is in-between short and long term memory
Long term memory
Days to years
Forgetting
Occurs in immediate, working and long term memory
Declarative memory
a type of long-term memory that involves conscious recollection of particular facts and events.
non-declarative memory
memory that operate automatically and accumulate information that is not accessible to conscious recollection
Example motor skills and associations
storage of declarative memory
Short term-through hippocampus
Long term- Wernickes area and temporal cortex
storage of non-declarative memory
Short term-unknown
Long term-Cerebellum and basal ganglia
Priming
Priming is the implicit memory effect in which exposure to a stimulus influences response to a later stimulus.
Hm case study
Explicit memory
Explicit memory refers to the conscious recollection of a previous episode, as in recall or recognition.
Stages of explicit memory
Encoding-Attention
Storage-From short to working memory needed
Consolidation-Structural change and sleep
Retrival-
Black cab drivers
Increased amount of synapse and increased brain volume
Long term potentiation
The increase in strength of a synapse after strong stimulation
Formation of new synapses
Increased excitability in postsynapse
Increased glutamate release
How AMPA receptors are inserted(LTP maintenance)
NMDA receptors open and calcium ion enters
Activates camkII and proteins attach to it
AMPA receptors are delivered via vesicles into membranes
Ampa insertion
Some synapse may not have any AMPA receptors (silenced), if NMDA receptor is depolarised it will lead to AMPA receptors on the synapse(unsilenced)
Structural change via LTP
Dendritic spine expands into 2
Long term depression
expressed as reduced responsiveness to transmitter glutamate and is necessary for good brain performance
Episodic memory
memory of everyday events/collection of past personal experiences
We forget this rapidly
Semantic memory
a type of long-term memory involving the capacity to recall words, concepts, or numbers for understanding of language
We forget this slower for generalisation
working memory
Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily.
Heavily linked to frontal cortex
working memory
Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily.
Heavily linked to frontal cortex
Working memory mechanism
Persistent neuronal firing gives persistent memories
memory experiment
A gene placed in the genome so when a memory is produced all cells that are involved produce a protein
Memory and ageing
Loss of brain volume from 20 years of age which means loss of cells and synapses
People with more active brains show less decline
Alzheimer’s
Loss of many synapses
Dendrites become disintegrated
Amyloid plaques and tangles
