Memory

Question 1

Immediate memory

Answer 1

Memory in a fraction of memory counts towards short term memory

Question 2

Working memory

Answer 2

Between seconds and minutes and is in-between short and long term memory

Question 3

Long term memory

Answer 3

Days to years

Question 4

Forgetting

Answer 4

Occurs in immediate, working and long term memory

Question 5

Declarative memory

Answer 5

a type of long-term memory that involves conscious recollection of particular facts and events.

Question 6

non-declarative memory

Answer 6

memory that operate automatically and accumulate information that is not accessible to conscious recollection
Example motor skills and associations

Question 7

storage of declarative memory

Answer 7

Short term-through hippocampus

Long term- Wernickes area and temporal cortex

Question 8

storage of non-declarative memory

Answer 8

Short term-unknown

Long term-Cerebellum and basal ganglia

Question 9

Priming

Answer 9

Priming is the implicit memory effect in which exposure to a stimulus influences response to a later stimulus.

Question 10

Hm case study

Question 11

Explicit memory

Answer 11

Explicit memory refers to the conscious recollection of a previous episode, as in recall or recognition.

Question 12

Stages of explicit memory

Answer 12

Encoding-Attention
Storage-From short to working memory needed
Consolidation-Structural change and sleep
Retrival-

Question 13

Black cab drivers

Answer 13

Increased amount of synapse and increased brain volume

Question 14

Long term potentiation

Answer 14

The increase in strength of a synapse after strong stimulation
Formation of new synapses
Increased excitability in postsynapse
Increased glutamate release

Question 15

How AMPA receptors are inserted(LTP maintenance)

Answer 15

NMDA receptors open and calcium ion enters
Activates camkII and proteins attach to it
AMPA receptors are delivered via vesicles into membranes

Question 16

Ampa insertion

Answer 16

Some synapse may not have any AMPA receptors (silenced), if NMDA receptor is depolarised it will lead to AMPA receptors on the synapse(unsilenced)

Question 17

Structural change via LTP

Answer 17

Dendritic spine expands into 2

Question 18

Long term depression

Answer 18

expressed as reduced responsiveness to transmitter glutamate and is necessary for good brain performance

Question 19

Episodic memory

Answer 19

memory of everyday events/collection of past personal experiences
We forget this rapidly

Question 20

Semantic memory

Answer 20

a type of long-term memory involving the capacity to recall words, concepts, or numbers for understanding of language
We forget this slower for generalisation

Question 21

working memory

Answer 21

Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily.
Heavily linked to frontal cortex

Question 21

working memory

Answer 21

Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily.
Heavily linked to frontal cortex

Question 22

Working memory mechanism

Answer 22

Persistent neuronal firing gives persistent memories

Question 23

memory experiment

Answer 23

A gene placed in the genome so when a memory is produced all cells that are involved produce a protein

Question 24

Memory and ageing

Answer 24

Loss of brain volume from 20 years of age which means loss of cells and synapses
People with more active brains show less decline

Question 25

Alzheimer’s

Answer 25

Loss of many synapses
Dendrites become disintegrated
Amyloid plaques and tangles