Pain

Question 1

Congenital analgesia

Answer 1

s a genetic inherited disease where you cannot feel pain and can cause damage to yourself

Question 2

HSAN

Answer 2

HSAN where pain system degenerates

Question 3

Pain asymbolia

Answer 3

Pain asymbolia do not perceive the concept of pain they feel pain but does not occupy in the mind often happens after surgery

Question 4

Hypoalgesia

Answer 4

Hypoalgesia occurs due to disease where you feel less pain

Question 5

Nociereceptor

Answer 5

Nociereceptor starts around 45 degrees and senses damaging heat

Question 6

Which fibres make up pain?

Answer 6

Fast a delta mediates sharp pain(First pain)
Slow C mediates dull ache(second pain)
The a delta is thinly myelinated whereas c fibre is not
A delta will fire rapidly in a short time

Question 7

Capsaicin

Answer 7

Capsaicin is what makes us perceive peppers as hot and is lipid soluble

Question 8

What is the anterolateral system?

Answer 8

Where information passes through the dorsal root and deliver it to the thalamus to get process before being distributed to the cortex
Fibres fire action potentials on the different layers of the dorsal root

Question 9

Pathway of Nociceptive fibres ?

Answer 9

Originate from the periphery and enter the spinal chord via DH fibres into DH grey matter

Question 10

What is Referred pain?

Answer 10

Referred pain is when you experience pain in a region because neurones are connected
Especially happens during heart attack where pain occurs in arm
Does this to save resources

Question 11

What fibres crossover?

Answer 11

Pain fibre crossover but mechanoreceptors do not crossover in white matter

Question 12

What is the Somatosensory cortex

Answer 12

Somatosensory is responsible for receiving and locating where pain is occurring

Question 13

Which cortex’s deal with emotion?

Answer 13

Anterior cingulate cortex and insular cortex deals with. the emotional behaviour

Question 14

Parallel pain pathway

Answer 14

S1/S2- insular Cortex- amygdala-ACC

Question 15

What are pain responses subject to

Answer 15

Types of modulation an example is sensation

Question 16

Hyperalgesia

Answer 16

Hyperalgesia occurs when damage in the local tissue causes the release of inflammatory mediators which enhance the response to pain

Question 17

What chemicals cause vasodilation and inflammation?

Answer 17

CGRP and substance p

Question 18

What is Nociceptors?

Answer 18

Nociceptors can be defined as sensory receptors that are activated by noxious stimuli that damage or threaten the body’s integrity.

Question 19

Explain steps in Nociceptors?

Answer 19

External cells release interleukins and tumour necrosis factors
These external cells interact with fibres to release action potential
The phosphorylation of sodium channels can lower the threshold for activation

Question 20

What does pain to the sensitising system do?

Answer 20

Causes neuropathic pain which is chronic and hard to treat

Question 21

What is Allodynia?

Answer 21

People sensitive to touch due to central sensitisation that causes painful responses to non-noxious stimuli