Synapses

Question 1

type of synapse that has round, clear vesicles and is usually excitatory

Answer 1

Gray’s type I

Question 2

type of synapse that has flattened, clear vesicles and is usually inhibitory

Answer 2

Gray’s type II

Question 3

type of synapse that has asymmetric (postsynaptic thicker) membrane densities

Answer 3

Gray’s type I

Question 4

type of synapse that has symmetric membrane densities

Answer 4

Gray’s type II

Question 5

example of a specialized synapse in the retina is

Answer 5

ribbon synapses of retina- ribbon is functionally similar to membrane density

Question 6

small spherical synaptic vesicles are found in:

Answer 6

presynaptic processes of Gray’s type I synapses

Question 7

neurotransmitters associated with small spherical synaptic vesicles are:

Answer 7

acetylcholine and amino acids

Question 8

small flattened synaptic vesicles are found in:

Answer 8

presynaptic processes of Gray’s type II synapses

Question 9

neurotransmitters associated with small, flattened synaptic vesicles are:

Answer 9

GABA and glycine

Question 10

synaptic vesicle that are thought to be recycled membrane, used to form new active vesicles

Answer 10

coated, pinocytotic

Question 11

small/medium electron-dense vesicles are for

Answer 11

amines

often seen in sympathetic nerve endings

Question 12

large electron-dense vesicles are for

Answer 12

peptides

e.g. hypothalamus/posterior pituitary containing ADH or oxytocin

Question 13

very large electron dense vesicles are for

Answer 13

enzymes

perioxisomes, lysosomes, secretory enzymes, etc.

Question 14

movement of positive ions inside =

Answer 14

depolarization

Question 15

movement of positive ions outside =

Answer 15

hyperpolarization

Question 16

postsynaptic receptor opens ion channels for sodium in an

Answer 16

EPSP

Question 17

postsynaptic receptor opens ion channels for chloride and/or potassium in an

Answer 17

IPSP

Question 18

increased number of synapses of same type (excitatory or inhibitor) activated simultaneously occurs in _______ summation

Answer 18

spatial

Question 19

repeated activation of same synapse within a brief time (up to 100/second) occurs in _____ summation

Answer 19

temporal

Question 20

synapses at _______ have more powerful control over neuron’s activity

Answer 20

initial segment

Question 21

effects of each synapses depend on what factor

Answer 21

proximity to axon hillock/ initial segment, due to decrease in amplitude with distance

Question 22

what type of transport moves large particulate and non-soluble materials at a rate of 400 mm/day

Answer 22

fast (orthograde) transport

Question 23

what type of transport occurs in generally dissolved substances at a rate of 1mm/day

Answer 23

slow transport

Question 24

what type of transport recycles materials, carries chemical signals at 200 mm/day

Answer 24

retrograde (back to cell body) transport

Question 25

what is retrograde transport important for?

Answer 25

important for trophic feedback to metabolic machinery in cell body