Development of the Nervous System

Question 1

what NS is the formation of the neural plate involved with

Answer 1

CNS

Question 2

neural plate folds and forms the:

Answer 2

neural groove

Question 3

neural groove pinches off and forms the:

Answer 3

neural tube

Question 4

the neural crest and its derivative will form what NS

Answer 4

PNS

Question 5

cells from crest of each neural fold will dissociate to form:

Answer 5

neural crest cells

Question 6

spinal cord development (alar and basal plates) form in which week of development

Answer 6

4th

Question 7

spinal cord development begins with the formation of the _______ in the lateral wall of the neural tube

Answer 7

formation sulcus limitans (a longitudinal groove) in the lateral wall of the neural tube

Question 8

dorsal half forms _____ plate

Answer 8

alar

Question 9

ventral half forms _____ plate

Answer 9

basal

Question 10

alar plate will give rise to ______ neurons

Answer 10

sensory

Question 11

basal plate will give rise to ______ neurons

Answer 11

motor

Question 12

dorsal side of the spinal cord becomes the ____ surface

Answer 12

posterior

Question 13

sensory neurons are located ______ in the spinal cord

Answer 13

posteriorly

Question 14

in the 4th week, development of what 3 primary vesicles occurs?

Answer 14

• prosencephalon (forebrain)
• mesencephalon (midbrain)
• rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 15

during week 5, primary vesicle prosencephalon (forebrain) develops into what secondary vesicles

Answer 15

• telencephalon (cerebral cortex, basal ganglia)

- diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, retina)

Question 16

during week 5, primary vesicle rhombencephalon (hindbrain) develops into what secondary vesicles

Answer 16

• metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)

- myelencephalon (medulla)

Question 17

the midbrain is formed by what primary vesicle?

Answer 17

mesencephalon

Question 18

cervical flexure is between what 2 structures?

Answer 18

between rhombencephalon and spinal cord

Question 19

where does the cephalic flexure occur?

Answer 19

at future midbrain

Question 20

pontine flexure develops between what 2 structures?

Answer 20

myelemcephalon and metencephalon

Question 21

what is the pontine flexure important for?

Answer 21

the differentiation between the spinal cord and the brain stem

Question 22

pontine flexure develops on what aspect of the neural tube

Answer 22

dorsal aspect

Question 23

in the adult brainstem, sensory nuclei are located _____ (laterally/medially)

Answer 23

laterally

Question 24

in the adult brainstem, motor nuclei are located _____ (laterally/medially)

Answer 24

medially

Question 25

during week 4, the optic vesicle is invaginated from the ______

Answer 25

prosencephalon

Question 26

outer layer of optic cup forms

Answer 26

retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

Question 27

inner layer of optic cup forms

Answer 27

neural retina

Question 28

the hyaloid artery is an embryological structure with what function?

Answer 28

primary vitreous that feeds internal structures

Question 29

the secondary vitreous is considered the

Answer 29

adult vitreous

Question 30

neocortex accounts for ___ % of total cortical area in humans

Answer 30

90%

Question 31

neocortex evolves into a ___ layer structure

Answer 31

6

Question 32

what neocortical neuron is most numerous

Answer 32

pyramidal cell

Question 33

apical dendrite and basal dendrite locations on the pyramidal cells

Answer 33

``` apical dendrite (top) basal dendrites (base) ```

Question 34

principal output neurons of neocortex

Answer 34

pyramidal

Question 35

non-pyramidal cells in the neocortex have what features?

Answer 35

- small - multipolar stellate/granule cells - short axons (remain within cortex) - principal interneurons

Question 36

ventricular/ subventricular zone is called the

Answer 36

germinal zone

Question 37

region where neurons are born

Answer 37

germinal zone

Question 38

region that becomes the ependymal lining of the ventricle

Answer 38

germinal zone

Question 39

zone of migration that becomes white matter is the

Answer 39

intermediate zone

Question 40

outer zone of processes that becomes cortical layer 1 at pia surface is the

Answer 40

marginal zone

Question 41

cortical plate spans what layers

Answer 41

2-6 (grey matter)

Question 42

zone of mature neurons is the

Answer 42

cortical plate

Question 43

what zone is always on top (surface of the brain)

Answer 43

marginal zone

Question 44

2 ways for cerebellum development

Answer 44

1. purkinje cells | 2. granule interneurons

Question 45

cerebellum development: what cells develop the same as the cortex (born in granular layer and migrate up towards surface)

Answer 45

purkinje cells

Question 46

cerebellum development: what cells divide on surface and migrate inwards

Answer 46

granule interneurons

Question 47

glial cells that guide neuronal migration for cerebrum

Answer 47

radial glia

Question 48

glial cells that guide neuronal migration for cerebellum

Answer 48

bergman glia