Brainstem, Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia Flashcards
at the brainstem level, the vestibular system interacts with what other structures?
reticular formation, cerebellum, spinal cord, eye muscles
(brainstem level) what structure helps control posture of body and signals to arms and legs to compensate for tilt and movement of the body?
lateral vestibulospinal tract
(brainstem level) what helps control head position and stabilizes head while body is moving?
medial vestibulospinal tract
(brainstem level) what stabilizes eyes during head movements (without visual input) via medial longitudinal fasculus
vestibulo-ocular reflex
reticular formation controls overall arousal via:
reticular activating system from reticular formation throughout the brain
reticular formation controls muscle tone through overall excitability of motor neurons via:
descending reticulospinal
reticular formation controls eye movements via:
PPRF in pons (paramedian pontine reticular formation) and horizontal gaze center
reticular formation controls autonomic control via what inputs
from sensory receptors (solitary nucleus) and hypothalamus
reticular formation controls autonomic control via what outputs
to vagus nerve and thoracic spinal cord
inputs info the deep nuclei of the cerebellum and cortex of cerebellum are from
mossy fibers (specific) and climbing fibers (inferior olive, overall)
what do mossy fibers originate from
- vestibular nuclei
- reticular formation
- spinal cord
- lateral cuneate nucleus
- pontine nuclei
mossy fibers travel to:
granule cells to purkinje cells
mossy fibers synapse on ____ cells in the ____ layer
granule cells in the granule layer
granule cells send axons (parallel fibers) into the ____ layer and synapse on ____ cells
molecular layer and synapse on purkinje cells
each purkinje cell receives ____ - _____ parallel fiber inputs
80,000 to 200,000
climbing fibers send to what cells in what layer?
purkinje, stellate, and basket cells in the molecular layer
climbing fibers to purkinje, stellate, and basket cells in the molecular layer are important for
driving overall activity of cerebellar cortex
is purkinje output inhibitory or excitatory to deep nucleus cells? (and what NT is used)
inhibitory
thought to use GABA
cerebellar disease is characterized by:
incoordination, ataxia of gait, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dysarthria, nystagmus
vestibular division of the cerebellum (flocculonodular lobe) is responsible for:
balance, eye movements (especially during rapid movements), initiating saccades
spinal division of the cerebellum (vermis) is responsible for:
muscle tone, motor rhythms (walking, spinocerebellar, cuneocerebellar), coordinating intended movement with sensory feedback, learning, improvement
the cortical division of the cerebellum (rest of cerebellar hemispheres) is responsible for:
planning and prediction of rapid movements, starts and stops
dysdiadochokinesia
impairment in rapid alternating movements
dysarthria
impairment in articulation of speech
