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ANAT2008 > Synapse Formation in the CNS and PNS > Flashcards

Synapse Formation in the CNS and PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of synapses are onto the dendritic spines?

A

Excitatory

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2
Q

Which type of synapses are onto the dendritic shaft?

A

Inhibitory

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3
Q

Name the presynaptic transport proteins

A

Synaptic vesicle protein transport vesicle (STV)

Piccolo transport vesicle (PTV)

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4
Q

What enables the movement of presynaptic transport proteins?

A

Kinesin

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5
Q

What forms the scaffold for the transport of discrete AMPAR and NMDAR packets?

A

PSD95

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6
Q

What type of molecules are neurexin and neuroligin?

A

Membrane-bound adhesion molecules

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7
Q

What is neurexin?

A

Presynaptic
Organises clustering of postsynaptic receptors and scaffolds
Excitatory and inhibitory synapses

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8
Q

Where is neuroligin1 expressed?

A

Postsynaptically at glutamatergic synapses

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9
Q

Where is neuroligin2 expressed?

A

Postsynaptically at GABAergic synapses

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10
Q

What is the effect of neuroligin1?

A

Causes presynaptic synapsin accumulation - induces neurexin recruitment in neighbouring neurons

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11
Q

What type of molecule is Wnt?

A

Secreted factor

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12
Q

What is the effect of Wnt7a?

A

Increases presynaptic synapsin1 expression - increases excitatory synapse formation
More and larger dendritic spines postsynaptically - synaptic strengthening

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13
Q

What is the effect of a Wnt7a KO?

A

Decreased accumulation of presynaptic proteins

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14
Q

What is Frizzled5?

A

Wnt7a receptor

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15
Q

What is the effect of a Frizzled5 KO?

A

Prevents Wnt7a promoting assembly of presynaptic sites

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16
Q

What is the agrin hypothesis of NMJ synaptogenesis?

A

Muscle releases agrin
Agrin activates MuSK receptor - using LRP4
Rapsyn downstream of MuSK - stabilises AChRs - AChRs cluster

17
Q

What is the effect of an agrin1 KO in mice?

A

Small and few AChR clusters

18
Q

What is the effect of a MuSK KO in mice?

A

Small and few AChR clusters

19
Q

What causes presynaptic assembly at the NMJ?

A

Laminins interact with voltage-gated Ca2+ channels - induces clustering of presynaptic vesicles

20
Q

What is the effect of a laminin beta2 KO in mice?

A

Lack vesicle clusters in axonal terminal

21
Q

What is the overall effect of Wnt3 at the NMJ postsynapse?

A

Collaborates with agrin - stabilises AChR clusters

22
Q

Where does hevin come from?

A

Secreted by glia

23
Q

What is the role of hevin?

A

Connects neurexins and neuroligins

24
Q

Where does thrombospondin come from?

A

Secreted by glia

25
Q

What is the thrombospondin receptor?

A

Ca2+ channel subunit - α2δ-1

26
Q

What is the effect of thromobospondin?

A

Induces excitatory synaptogenesis

ANAT2008 (18 decks)

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