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ANAT2008 > Development of Visual Cortex > Flashcards

Development of Visual Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

What is the indirect visual pathway?

A

Retina - lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of thalamus - visual cortex

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2
Q

What is the direct visual pathway?

A

Retina - superior colliculus

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3
Q

What is the importance of the orientation selectivity of the visual cortex?

A

Enables edge detection - for movement detection and object separation

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4
Q

What is the importance of the direction selectivity of the visual cortex?

A

Enables detection of movement direction

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5
Q

Where are retinotopic maps found?

A

Superior colliculus

Visual cortex

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6
Q

Which molecular axon guidance cues are important in retinotopic map formation?

A

Eph/ephrins

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7
Q

Which types of neuronal activity are important for refining retinotopic maps?

A

Retinal waves

Spontaneous activity

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8
Q

What is the effect of EphA/ephrinA interaction?

A

Repulsive

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9
Q

What is the effect of EphB/ephrinB interaction?

A

Attractive

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10
Q

What is the effect of an ephrinA KO in mice?

A

Less organisation and branching of axons in retina

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 1 of retinal waves?

A

Before birth

Slow and infrequent

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 2 of retinal waves?

A

Birth to P10-12
Driven by ACh
Relatively slow and infrequent
Critical for retinotopic map refinement

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 3 of retinal waves?

A

P10 to eye-opening
Driven by glutamate
Fast

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14
Q

What is the effect of an nAChR subunit beta2 KO?

A

Changes stage 2 activity patterns in retina
Still some axon organisation - due to guidance cues
Larger regions of retinotopic map in superior colliculus activated by stimulus - separate areas less clearly define

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15
Q

What is required for orientation tuning of visual cortex neurons to develop?

A

Spontaneous activity

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16
Q

Is input required for direction tuning development in the superior colliculus?

A

No

17
Q

Is input required for direction tuning development in the visual cortex?

A

Yes

18
Q

What causes the segregation of inputs from each eye in the LGN?

A

Entirely activity-dependent

19
Q

What is the effect of monocular deprivation on visual cortex neurons?

A

Ipsilateral monocular cells and binocular cells come contralateral monocular

20
Q

What is the importance of normal vision and why?

A

Maintenence of normal visual cortex function

Due to experience-dependent plasticity - eye inputs susceptible to changes in visual experience

ANAT2008 (18 decks)

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