symptoms suggesting blader outelt obstruction

Question 1

aetiology of bladder outlet obstruction in males is divided into

Answer 1

• bladder neck
• posterior urethra (prostatic and membranous)
• anterior urethra (penile and bulbar)
• glans penis
• prepuce

Question 2

bladder neck aetiology

Answer 2

bladder neck stenosis, tumour or stone obstructing the bladder neck

Question 3

posterior urethra

Answer 3

benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, posterior urethral stricture, stones obstructing the posterior urethra, detrusor sphincter dysnergia

Question 4

anterior urethra

Answer 4

anterior urethral stricture, obstructing stone, urethral cancer

Question 5

glans penis

Answer 5

urethral metal stenosis and penile cancer

Question 6

prepuce

Answer 6

phimosis

Question 7

aetiology in females is divided into

Answer 7

bladder neck, urethra, urethral meatus vagina

Question 8

bladder neck causes in females

Answer 8

bladder neck stenosis, bladder tumours and stones

Question 9

urethra causes in female

Answer 9

urethral stenosis (same as a stricture in males), stones, tumours, detrusor sphincto dysnergia

Question 10

urethral meatus causes

Answer 10

metal stenosis and tumours

Question 11

vaginal causes

Answer 11

vaginal atrophy, vaginal prolapse vaginal cysts

Question 12

symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction are the same or different in males or females?

Answer 12

the same

Question 13

the symptoms of ablaze outlet obstruction are divided into

Answer 13

voiding symptoms due to the blockage affect and storage symptoms (due to irritative secondary affects)

Question 14

voiding symptoms

Answer 14

poor flow intermittent stream, sparing of stream, hesitancy, post micturition dribbling

Question 15

storage symptoms

Answer 15

frequency of urination, urgency, urge incontinence, incomplete emptying pain with bladder emptying

Question 16

bladder outflow obstruction is more common in

Answer 16

males

Question 17

overactive blader is more common in

Answer 17

females

Question 18

overactive bladder is identified from

Answer 18

frequency and urgency

Question 19

examination in males

Answer 19

• is the patient circumcised
• location of the urethra (hypospadias is a congenital condition where the urethra is underside of penis)
• penile exmaination= palpable mass suggests a tumour whereas palpable roughness suggests a stricture
• abdomen= palpate and percuss the bladder
• PR exam; assess anal tone and feel the size of the prostate, blood on your hand suggests a rectal
• focused neurological examination

Question 20

examination in females

Answer 20

• vaginal examination
• abdominal examination
• PR exam= anal tone and rectla tumours
• focussed neurological examination

Question 21

investigations in someone presenting with a bladder outlet obstruction

Answer 21

creatinine, us and es, urinalysis, PSA in males

- XRAY KUB, TRUS OF PROSTATE IN MALES, PLANE CT KUB

Question 22

Complications of bladder outlet obstruction

Answer 22

• acute or chronic urinary retention
• diverticulum formation in the bladder
• atonic bladder
• renal failure caused by hydronephrosis
• overflow incontinenve

Question 23

management of bladder outlet obstruction depends on

Answer 23

underlying cause

Question 24

management of BPH

Answer 24

first line is lifestyle the tamsulsin and last line is TURP

Question 25

management of urethral stricture

Answer 25

optical urethrotomy

Question 26

management of phimosis

Answer 26

manual decompression if unsuccessful dorsal slit

Question 27

management of bladder stone

Answer 27

cystolitholaplexy