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Renal and Urology > anatomy lecture 2; the lower urinary tract and male reproductive system > Flashcards

anatomy lecture 2; the lower urinary tract and male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

ureters pass from the

A

retroperitoneum through the false pelvis and into the true pelvis

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2
Q

false pelvis

A

from the iliac crests into the pelvic cavity

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3
Q

false pelvis is part of

A

the abdominal cavity

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4
Q

true pelvis

A

from pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor

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5
Q

true pelvis forms the

A

pelvic cavity

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6
Q

what is found within the pelvic cavity?

A

the bladder

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7
Q

pelvic floor muscle

A

levator ani muscle forms the pelvic diaphragm

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8
Q

urethra then passes through

A

the pelvic floor into the perineum

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9
Q

pelvic floor is formed from

A

the bowl shaped pelvic diaphragm which is made up of muscles including the levator ani muscle

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10
Q

openings in the pelvic floor

A
  • distal part of the alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts pass through the pelvic floor from the pelvic cavity into the perineum
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11
Q

perineum is

A

between the pelvic floor and the skin

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12
Q

the ureters pass anteriorly to what?

A

the common iliac vessels to enter the pelvis

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13
Q

at the level of what?

A

at the level of the ischial spine the ureters turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder, this route is completely sub-peritoneal

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14
Q

the ureter enters what part of the bladder?

A

the posterior bladder wall in an infero-medial direction which helps prevent the reflux of urine when the bladder contracts

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15
Q

what is the pouch in males called

A

rectovesical pouch in the anatomical position this is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity

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16
Q

round ligament of the uterus

A

attaches the uterus to the perineum via the inguinal canal

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17
Q

what are the pouches called in females

A
  • vesico-uterine pouch= between the bladder and the uterus
  • recto-uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)= in the anatomical position this is the most inferior part of the female peritoneal cavity
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18
Q

in females the ureter runs inferiorly to what?

A

the uterine artery (water under the bridge)

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19
Q

in males the ureter runs inferiorly to what?

A

the vas deferens

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20
Q

the anatomical relationship of the ureter are particularly important during

A

gynaecological surgery ie in a hysterectomy where the uterine artery has to be ligated

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21
Q

the arteries entering the pelvis are mainly

A

branches from the internal iliac artery and the veins drain into the internal iliac vein

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22
Q

arteries in females

A
  • vesical arteries
  • uterine artery
  • middle rectal artery
  • vaginal artery
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23
Q

arteries in males

A
  • middle rectal artery
  • vesical artery
  • prostate arteries often branches from vesicle arteries
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24
Q

what is at the base of the posterior aspect of the bladder

A

the ureteric orifices where the 2 ureters enter the bladder

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25
what is at the inferior aspect in the floor of the bladder
the internal urethral orifice
26
what do the 2 ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice form?
the 3 corners of a triangle shape on the internal aspect of the bladder called the trigone
27
what is the muscle that forms the main bulk of the bladder called
the detrusor muscle
28
detrusor muscle fibres encircle what?
the internal ureteric orifices and they tighten when the bladder contracts which prevents reflux of urine
29
what happens around the neck of the male bladder
the detrusor muscle form the internal urethral sphincter which contracts during evacuation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder
30
an empty bladder lies within
the pelvis and the peritoneum is the only thing covering it superior surface
31
a full bladder can
extend out of the pelvis, its superior part lying superior to the pubic bone however, the superior surface of the bladder is still only covered with peritoneum
32
2 routes of catheterisation
1. urethral | 2. supra-pubic which is through the anterior abdominal wall and avoiding the peritoneal cavity
33
the bladder is the most
anterior organ in the pelvis and it lies posterior to the pubic bone (when empty)
34
in the female the body of the uterus usually
lies superior to the bladder, it is separated from the bladder by the utero-vesical pouch so most of the weight of the uterus is borne by the bladder
35
in the male the prostate gland
lies inferior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum
36
female urethra is approximately
4cm long
37
in females urine passes from the bladder
through the internal urethral orifice then through the external urethral sphincter and then excreted through the external urethral orifice in the perineum
38
external urethra sphincter
voluntary skeletal muscle circularly arranged around the urethra
39
male urethra is approximately
20cm long
40
in males urine passes from bladder through
the internal urethral orifice, then through the internal urethral sphincter (involuntary) and then through the prostatic urethra which travels between the prostate gland, through the external urethral sphincter (voluntary), then through the spongy urethra (within the corpus spongiosum) and then through the external urethral orifice
41
male reproductive system
sperm is produce in the testes within the scrotum, then travels towards the epididymis and into the vas deferens and then into the seminal gland through the ejaculatory duct and through the prostate gland and then prostatic urethra into the spongy uretrha and then out through the external urethral orifice
42
during embryological and foetal development the testes move from
their original position in the posterior abdomen through the inguinal canal into the scrotum
43
the spermatic cord is
a collection of structures which supports the functioning of the testes
44
speramtic cord consists of
the testicualr artery, testicualr vein, vas deferents, lymphatic drainage, nerves (autonomic smooth muscle of vas deferens and somatic from the cremaster muscle)
45
inside the scrotum the testis sit within a sac called the
tunica vaginalis
46
excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis is called
a hydrocele
47
testicualr torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord which disrupts the testicualr artery causing ischaemia and necrosis of the testes
48
right and left testicualr arteries comes off
the abdominal aorta
49
right and left testicualr veins comes of
the inferior vena cava
50
passing through the deep inguinal ring
are the testicualr artery, testicualr vein (pampiform plexus of veins drain into the testicualr vein), vas deferents, lymphatic and nerve
51
the epididymis is
palpated at the posterior aspect of the testis, its proximal end (the head) is located at the posterior aspects of the superior pole of the testis
52
the vas deferents is palpated within
the spermatic cord within the scrotum, superior to the testis, vas deferent begins at the inferior pole of the testis
53
prostate gland surround the
prostatic urethra
54
the inferior aspect of the prostate gland is in contact with
the lavator and muscle
55
prostatic ducts
the ganldular secretion from the prostate drain into the prostatic urethra
56
the prostate is split into
peripheral and central zones
57
what zone of the prostate gland is palpated on PR
peripheral zone
58
which zone of the prostate gland is most likely to undergo malignant transformation
the peripheral zone
59
the penis is within the
perineum
60
surface landmarks of the penis
body of penis glans root of penis external urethral orifice
61
corpus cavernous
posteriorly transmits the deep arteries of the penic
62
corpus spongiosum
anteriorly transmits the spongy urethra and expands distally to form the glans
63
the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue
become encouraged with blood at arterial pressure during erection
64
blood supply to the penis is via
the deep arteries of the penic which are branches of the internal pudendal artery from the internal iliac artery
65
blood supply to the scrotum
is via the internal pudendal artery ad branches from the external iliac artery
66
lymph from the scortum and most of the penis (but not the glans)
DRAINS INTO THE SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL NODES FOUNF IN THE SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE GROIN
67
Lymph from the testis drains into the
lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta

Renal and Urology (51 decks)

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