anatomy lecture 2; the lower urinary tract and male reproductive system

Question 1

ureters pass from the

Answer 1

retroperitoneum through the false pelvis and into the true pelvis

Question 2

false pelvis

Answer 2

from the iliac crests into the pelvic cavity

Question 3

false pelvis is part of

Answer 3

the abdominal cavity

Question 4

true pelvis

Answer 4

from pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor

Question 5

true pelvis forms the

Answer 5

pelvic cavity

Question 6

what is found within the pelvic cavity?

Answer 6

the bladder

Question 7

pelvic floor muscle

Answer 7

levator ani muscle forms the pelvic diaphragm

Question 8

urethra then passes through

Answer 8

the pelvic floor into the perineum

Question 9

pelvic floor is formed from

Answer 9

the bowl shaped pelvic diaphragm which is made up of muscles including the levator ani muscle

Question 10

openings in the pelvic floor

Answer 10

• distal part of the alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts pass through the pelvic floor from the pelvic cavity into the perineum

Question 11

perineum is

Answer 11

between the pelvic floor and the skin

Question 12

the ureters pass anteriorly to what?

Answer 12

the common iliac vessels to enter the pelvis

Question 13

at the level of what?

Answer 13

at the level of the ischial spine the ureters turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder, this route is completely sub-peritoneal

Question 14

the ureter enters what part of the bladder?

Answer 14

the posterior bladder wall in an infero-medial direction which helps prevent the reflux of urine when the bladder contracts

Question 15

what is the pouch in males called

Answer 15

rectovesical pouch in the anatomical position this is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity

Question 16

round ligament of the uterus

Answer 16

attaches the uterus to the perineum via the inguinal canal

Question 17

what are the pouches called in females

Answer 17

• vesico-uterine pouch= between the bladder and the uterus
• recto-uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)= in the anatomical position this is the most inferior part of the female peritoneal cavity

Question 18

in females the ureter runs inferiorly to what?

Answer 18

the uterine artery (water under the bridge)

Question 19

in males the ureter runs inferiorly to what?

Answer 19

the vas deferens

Question 20

the anatomical relationship of the ureter are particularly important during

Answer 20

gynaecological surgery ie in a hysterectomy where the uterine artery has to be ligated

Question 21

the arteries entering the pelvis are mainly

Answer 21

branches from the internal iliac artery and the veins drain into the internal iliac vein

Question 22

arteries in females

Answer 22

• vesical arteries
• uterine artery
• middle rectal artery
• vaginal artery

Question 23

arteries in males

Answer 23

• middle rectal artery
• vesical artery
• prostate arteries often branches from vesicle arteries

Question 24

what is at the base of the posterior aspect of the bladder

Answer 24

the ureteric orifices where the 2 ureters enter the bladder

Question 25

what is at the inferior aspect in the floor of the bladder

Answer 25

the internal urethral orifice

Question 26

what do the 2 ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice form?

Answer 26

the 3 corners of a triangle shape on the internal aspect of the bladder called the trigone

Question 27

what is the muscle that forms the main bulk of the bladder called

Answer 27

the detrusor muscle

Question 28

detrusor muscle fibres encircle what?

Answer 28

the internal ureteric orifices and they tighten when the bladder contracts which prevents reflux of urine

Question 29

what happens around the neck of the male bladder

Answer 29

the detrusor muscle form the internal urethral sphincter which contracts during evacuation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder

Question 30

an empty bladder lies within

Answer 30

the pelvis and the peritoneum is the only thing covering it superior surface

Question 31

a full bladder can

Answer 31

extend out of the pelvis, its superior part lying superior to the pubic bone however, the superior surface of the bladder is still only covered with peritoneum

Question 32

2 routes of catheterisation

Answer 32

1. urethral | 2. supra-pubic which is through the anterior abdominal wall and avoiding the peritoneal cavity

Question 33

the bladder is the most

Answer 33

anterior organ in the pelvis and it lies posterior to the pubic bone (when empty)

Question 34

in the female the body of the uterus usually

Answer 34

lies superior to the bladder, it is separated from the bladder by the utero-vesical pouch so most of the weight of the uterus is borne by the bladder

Question 35

in the male the prostate gland

Answer 35

lies inferior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum

Question 36

female urethra is approximately

Answer 36

4cm long

Question 37

in females urine passes from the bladder

Answer 37

through the internal urethral orifice then through the external urethral sphincter and then excreted through the external urethral orifice in the perineum

Question 38

external urethra sphincter

Answer 38

voluntary skeletal muscle circularly arranged around the urethra

Question 39

male urethra is approximately

Answer 39

20cm long

Question 40

in males urine passes from bladder through

Answer 40

the internal urethral orifice, then through the internal urethral sphincter (involuntary) and then through the prostatic urethra which travels between the prostate gland, through the external urethral sphincter (voluntary), then through the spongy urethra (within the corpus spongiosum) and then through the external urethral orifice

Question 41

male reproductive system

Answer 41

sperm is produce in the testes within the scrotum, then travels towards the epididymis and into the vas deferens and then into the seminal gland through the ejaculatory duct and through the prostate gland and then prostatic urethra into the spongy uretrha and then out through the external urethral orifice

Question 42

during embryological and foetal development the testes move from

Answer 42

their original position in the posterior abdomen through the inguinal canal into the scrotum

Question 43

the spermatic cord is

Answer 43

a collection of structures which supports the functioning of the testes

Question 44

speramtic cord consists of

Answer 44

the testicualr artery, testicualr vein, vas deferents, lymphatic drainage, nerves (autonomic smooth muscle of vas deferens and somatic from the cremaster muscle)

Question 45

inside the scrotum the testis sit within a sac called the

Answer 45

tunica vaginalis

Question 46

excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis is called

Answer 46

a hydrocele

Question 47

testicualr torsion

Answer 47

twisting of the spermatic cord which disrupts the testicualr artery causing ischaemia and necrosis of the testes

Question 48

right and left testicualr arteries comes off

Answer 48

the abdominal aorta

Question 49

right and left testicualr veins comes of

Answer 49

the inferior vena cava

Question 50

passing through the deep inguinal ring

Answer 50

are the testicualr artery, testicualr vein (pampiform plexus of veins drain into the testicualr vein), vas deferents, lymphatic and nerve

Question 51

the epididymis is

Answer 51

palpated at the posterior aspect of the testis, its proximal end (the head) is located at the posterior aspects of the superior pole of the testis

Question 52

the vas deferents is palpated within

Answer 52

the spermatic cord within the scrotum, superior to the testis, vas deferent begins at the inferior pole of the testis

Question 53

prostate gland surround the

Answer 53

prostatic urethra

Question 54

the inferior aspect of the prostate gland is in contact with

Answer 54

the lavator and muscle

Question 55

prostatic ducts

Answer 55

the ganldular secretion from the prostate drain into the prostatic urethra

Question 56

the prostate is split into

Answer 56

peripheral and central zones

Question 57

what zone of the prostate gland is palpated on PR

Answer 57

peripheral zone

Question 58

which zone of the prostate gland is most likely to undergo malignant transformation

Answer 58

the peripheral zone

Question 59

the penis is within the

Answer 59

perineum

Question 60

surface landmarks of the penis

Answer 60

body of penis glans root of penis external urethral orifice

Question 61

corpus cavernous

Answer 61

posteriorly transmits the deep arteries of the penic

Question 62

corpus spongiosum

Answer 62

anteriorly transmits the spongy urethra and expands distally to form the glans

Question 63

the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue

Answer 63

become encouraged with blood at arterial pressure during erection

Question 64

blood supply to the penis is via

Answer 64

the deep arteries of the penic which are branches of the internal pudendal artery from the internal iliac artery

Question 65

blood supply to the scrotum

Answer 65

is via the internal pudendal artery ad branches from the external iliac artery

Question 66

lymph from the scortum and most of the penis (but not the glans)

Answer 66

DRAINS INTO THE SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL NODES FOUNF IN THE SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE GROIN

Question 67

Lymph from the testis drains into the

Answer 67

lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta