Pathology Lecture 3 Flashcards
what is the main tumour of the penis
95% are squamous cell carcinomas
erythroplasia of queyrat
- non-keratinising squamous cell carcinoma in situ
- glans and prepuce of the penis are most commonly involved
presentation of erythropalsia of query
velvety red plaques on the glans penis and the inner prepuce
bowens disease
- keratinising squamous cell carcinoma in situ
- pigmented lesions affecting follicle bearing areas of the penile shaft and scrotum
in both erythroplasia of query there is
full thickness dysplasia of the epidermis
how many erythroplasia of queryat and bowens disease progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma
only 5%
squamous cell carcinoma of the penic occurs almost exclusively
in uncircumcised men
aetiology of squamous cell carcinoma
poor hygiene and human papilloma virus type 16 and 18
squamous cell carcinoma of the scortum seen in who
chimney sweeps caused by exposure to soot
benign prostatic hyperplasia affects
at least 75% of men over the age of 70 but only 5% have significant symptoms
BPH is caused by
irregular proliferation of the glandular and stroll prostatic tissue
aetiology of BPH
hormonal imbalance, alteration of the androgen/ oestrogen ratio because as you get older the amount of testosterone falls and the levels of oesoregn increase
what part of the prostate gland is particularly responsive to oestrogen
the central part which is whereto hyper plastic mostly occurs
the hyperplasia can cause
a bladder outlet obstruction causing prostatism resulting in urinary hesitance, poor stream and overflow incontinence
if untreated BPH CAUSES
Diverticulum formation and hydronephrosis
management of BPH
1ST LINE= LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS
2ND LINE= ALPHA BLOCKER (TAMSULOSIN), 5-DHT INHIBITOR (FINESTARIDE)
LAST LINE- TURP
Carcinoma of the prostate peak incidence
60-80
increased risk of carcinoma of the prostate if
first degree relative affected at a young age
carcinoma of the prostate is
not associated with BPH however, both tend to exist within the same gland
Carcinoma of prostate arises mainly
in the peripheral ducts and glands particularly at the posterior lobe, the peri-urethral zone becomes involved at a later staff
local spread of prostatic carcinoma
urethra, capsular, seminal vesicles, bladder and rectum
lymphatic spread of prostaitci carcinoma
sacral iliac and para-aortic nodes
blood spread of prostatic carcinoma
to the bone, lungs and liver
prostate cancer metastasises to bone and causes
OTOSCLEROTIC LESIONS RATHER THAN LYTIC LESIONS
