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Swine Viral Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Porcine circovirus 1

A

Not highly prevalent in pigs (apathogenic)

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2
Q

Porcine circovirus 2

A

Porcine circovirus associated dz affects weanling pigs @ 7-15w and occasionally in adults
Resp. dz (lung)- mostly subclin/ mild

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3
Q

_______ is a novel emerging virus

A

PC3

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4
Q

What can PC2 be associated with?

A

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
Porcine resp. dz complex (PRDC)- most common with PRRSV and swine influenza
Granulomatous enteritis
Exudative epidermis
Necrotizing lymphadenitis
leads to mortality rate up to 50%

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of PC2

A

Lymphos, epithelial and endothelial cells → lympho depletion, alteration of monos and macro function and petechial hemorrhage

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6
Q

What enhances PC2?

A

Predispotion to secondary microbial infections: parvo, M. hyopneumoniae, PRRS virus and swine influenza

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7
Q

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)

A

Affects all organs
Coalescing foci of granulomatous inflamm. in lung
Botryoid IBs

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8
Q

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)

A

Ischemic necrosis of skin (rear legs)
Vasculitis and glomerulonephritis of kidney

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9
Q

Porcine resp. disease

A

Late-term abortion, stillborn fetuses exhibit fibrosisng and necrotizing myocarditis

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10
Q

PC2 transmission

A

Direct contact, semen, fomites and biting insects
Found in blood, saliva, feces, urine and semen of infected

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11
Q

Dx of PC2

A

Wasting, lesions and presence of Ag or DNA
IHC (# and distribution of virus-infected cells)
Quantitative PCR (viral load)

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12
Q

DD of PC2

A

PRRS (wasting in PC, repro in both)
Parvo (herpes, repro and neuro)
African Swine (cutaneous, hemorr. in skin, kidney petechial, neuro, foreign)

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13
Q

Vaccines of PC2

A

Chimeric recombinant of PC1 (genetic backbone) and PC2 (capsid protein)

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14
Q

Orthomyxoviridae causes _______________

A

Swine influenza viruses
genus: influenza v. A

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15
Q

How are pigs important for influenza?

A

Mixing vessel due to susceptibility to avian and human influenza (receptors to both)
emerging due to H and N proteins

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16
Q

CS of swine influenza virus

A

Fever, apathy, impotence and resp. distress
Quick recovery (3-6d), death 1% from bronchopneumonia in stressed animals

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17
Q

Swine influenza epidemiology

A

Mostly in late fall/ winter

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18
Q

Trasmission of Swine influenza

A

Entry via aerosols
Replicates in epithelium of nasal cavity and large airways

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19
Q

Lesions associated with Swine influenza

A

Bronchointerstitial pneumonia, demarcated lung lesion in apical and cardia
Hyperemia and inflamm. exudate

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20
Q

Histology of Swine influenza

A

Epithelial surfaces denuded, intraluminal debris in airways, collapsed airways, emphysema

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21
Q

DD of swine infleunza

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (hemorr. lungs, high mortality)
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
M. hemolytica

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22
Q

Dx of Swine influenza

A

Cell cx (virus isolation → MDCK cells, eggs)
RT-PCR (primers of H and N sequence)
IF, IHC
Serology: HAI and ELISA in unvx swine

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23
Q

Immunity and prevention of Swine influenza

A

All- in all out
Vx: killed with H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes

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24
Q

Arteriviridae causes __________

A

Porcine R & R syndrome virus

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25
Porcine R & R syndrome virus
Infects domestic and wild pigs Genotypes 1 (europe) and 2 (NA) Two phases: repro failure and postweaning resp. dz
26
CS of PRRSV
Post-weaning: cyanosis of extremities and pneumonia Nursery pigs: roughened hair coats and reduced growth rate
27
Reproductive failure with PRRSV
Late stage (after 90d) Piglets born after in utero infection: weak and immunocompromised Abortion, stillbirth, mummies, premature
28
Transmission of PRRSV
Direct contact (pugilism) Transplacental Aerosol Shed in all secretion and excretions
29
Pathology of PRRSV
Replicates in macros in the lung and lymphoid tissue LN enlargement and interstitial pneumonia
30
Dx of PRRSV
CS and lesions RT-PCR, ICH, ELISA, cell cx in lung, macros, african green monkey cell and cotton rat lung cells
31
DD of PRRSV
Parvo, pseudorabies, circovirus causing repro. failure Pleuropneumonia, streptococcus suis and infleunza causing resp. problems
32
Immunity and control of PRRSV
Exclusion in free herds (herd closure) Vx and management for enzootic infection: commercial, modified-live vx
33
What are the most common pathogens causing reproductive failure in swine?
Porcine pravo Suid HV1 (pseudorabies or aujeszky's) Classical swine fever (hog cholera) Porcine circovirus 2
34
Porcine parvovirus
Reproductive failure (rarely abortion)- preg gilts and sows Associated with resp. dz, vesicular dz of feet and mouth in young pigs
35
Pathogenesis of swine parvo
Infects the fetus Replicated in lymphos, monos and macros causing failure to mount an immune response
36
Transmission of swine parvo
Oronasal- contaminated floor by secretions and excretions
37
Epidemiology of swine parvo
Maternal Abs last for 6m Boars= carriers (semen shedding)
38
Early stage parvo infection (0-70d)
Fetal infection and resorption Gilts/ sows return to estrus 3-8w after breeding Remain "pregnant", not returning to estrus until after farrowing
39
Later stage parvo infection (70-144d)
Farrowing of smaller litters, mummified fetuses
40
Dx of parvo
IF (frozen fetal tissue) PCR
41
Vx for parvo
Inactivated and attenuated vx
42
Suid Herpesvirus 1 causes ______________-
Pseudorabies or Aujeszky's Dz *genus: varicellovirus*
43
Pseudorabies Pathogenesis
Viral entry nasal or oral → travels via the axoplasm of the cranial nerves and spread within the CNS
44
How are different types of pigs affected by pseudorabies
Reactivation in enzootic herds= no CS Pregnant sows: 50% abort 20% sows infertile @ first breeding, then conceive later Piglets: Mortality 100% Mature: WL and poor growth after recovery
44
CS of pseudorabies
Initial: sneezing, coughing, fever, dry feces, depressed Later (d5): Incoordination, muscle spasm, convulsions, excessive salivation Later (d6): Dies within 12 hrs, resp. dz in weaned pigs
44
Histological finding of pseudorabies
Diffuse non-suppurative lymphocytic meningoencephalitis and ganglioneuritis Perivascular cuffing, focal gliosis, necrosis of glial cells
44
Dx of pseudorabies
History and CS IHC, IF, PCR (virus detection) Virus isolation Serum neutralization, ELISA
44
Immunity and control of pseudorabies
Farrow-finish Vx in enzootic ares: Recombinant DNA, deletion-mutant, live attenuated, inactivated
44
Pathologic lesions of pseudorabies
Formation of diptheritic pseudomembrane over mucosa White or yellow foci of necrosis in liver and spleen
45
Flaviviridae causes _______________-
Classical swine fever (Hog cholera) *genus: pestivirus*
46
CS of Classical swine fever
Yellow diarrhea, purple skin discoloration, hemorrhages, ataxia and incoordination Repro. failure and abortion
47
Classical Swine fever
RNA, contagious and fatal dz of all ages US free of CSF Highly lethal, acute, chronic or subclinical forms
48
Pathological lesions of CSF
Non-suppurative encephalitis with vascular cuffing Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage
48
Dx of CSF
Herds with unexpected repro. failure with neuro CS in piglets Confirm with IF, cell cx, ELISA for Ag
49
DD of CSF
Africa Swine fever (DNA, asfarviridae) Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
50
Transmission of CSF
Infected live animals Uncooked pork products Vehicles, equipment and personnel
51
Immunity and control of CSF
Vx free in CSF free countries (US and Europe) Endemic: prophylactic vx
52
Coronaviridae causes _____________
Transmissible GE Virus
53
Transmissible GE Virus
Enteric (SI) dz of all age groups Young animals <3w
54
_____________ arose from TGE by ____________
Porcine resp. coronavirus Gene mutation
55
CS of TGE for piglets
100% death in 1w piglet and seronegative neonates Vomiting, watery yellow diarrhea, WL in >1w Rarely in pigs infected after 2-3w
56
CS of TGE in adult pigs
Older growing/ finishing: watery diarrhea Adult: asymptomatic, occasional lethal outbreaks, then fever, V/D, agalactia
57
Transmission of TGE
Fomites and aerosols Milder for pigs with enzootic infection or previous exposure
58
Pathogenesis of TGE
Feco-oral → infection and destruction of enterocytes (SI) → malabsorption and electrolyte imbalance → milk indigestion → acidosis lumen
59
Dx of TGE
IF or IP from mucosal impression of intestine Capture ELISA (Ag) in feces Serology with paired serum samples by serum neutralization or ELISA assays Virus cx of kidney, thyroid, or testicle cells
60
How do you differentiate TGE from PRCV
RT-PCR using primers targeted deleted region Competitive ELISA
61
DD of TGE
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)- similar with diarrhea and small intestine pathology Dx with RT-PCR, ELISA for Ab, IFA
62
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED)
Reportable Acute deaths in adults/ finishing from muscle necrosis (back muscle)
63
Vx for TGE
Oral vx to pregnant sows → lactogenic immunity to piglets Natural vx in pregnant sows 2-4w before farrowing
64
Porcine Resp. Coronavirus
Spike gene mutant of TGE that lost its enteric tropism and acquired resp. tropism Enzootic in swine herds worldwide
65
CS of Porcine resp. coronavirus
Infects piglets of all ages Mild fever, dyspnea, polypnea, anorexia Bronchointerstitial pneumonia
66
Transmission of porcine resp. coronavirus
Respiratory droplets and aerosols, direct contact
67
Pathogenesis of Porcine resp. coronavirus
Enters nasal cavity, replicates in epithelium of nasal cavity, tonsils and pneumocytes of alveoli
68
Reoviridae causes ____________
Rotavirus infections
69
Rotavirus infections pathogenesis
Terminally differentiated intestinal epithelial cells: absorptive cells, ileum (cannot be replaced in young) → severity in young, subclinical in adults Vili secretion of lactase impaired → maldigestion and malabsorption
70
DD of rotavirus
TGE (<3w) PED (all ages) Isospora suis enteritis (6d-3w) Colibacillosis (nursing and weanling pigs)
71
Which pathogens cause vesicular/ erosion lesions
Vesicular exanthema of swine Swine vesicular dz
72
Caliciviridae causes ____________
Vesicular exanthema of swine *genus: vesivirus*
73
Vesicular exanthema of swine
Eradicated from US San Miguel sea lion viruses caused it (still found in marine environment) High morbidity, low mortality, recovery 1-2w
74
Transmission of Vesicular exanthema
Contact with other pigs, contaminated feed
75
Acute febrile dz of Vesicular exanthema
Vesicles on snout, tongue and teats and feet (coronary bands) Lameness, pregnant sows may abort
76
Pathogenesis of Vesicular exanthema
Oronasal route → squamous epithelium →vesicles and ulcerations → encephalitis and myocarditis
77
Dx of Vesicular exanthema
Notifiable dz Based on fever and vesicles rupturing after 24-48 hrs with erosions and ulcers Confirmed by EM, RT-PCR and serology
78
Immunity and control of Vesicular exanthema
Immune to reinfection after recovery Garbage feeding and outbreaks
79
Piconaviridae causes ____________
Swine vesicular dz *genus: enterovirus*
80
Swine vesicular dz
Transient dz with vesicles on snout, feet and mouth Not found in the US
81
Why is swine vesicular dz important
Must be differentiated from FMD Control measures (screening) important for import of infected meat due to virus resistance to low pH
82
CS of swine vesicular dz
Sudden appearance of lameness Transient fever then vesicles @ junction between heal and coronary band Encephalomyelitis (rare)
83
Epidemiology of swine vesicular dz
Infected meat → pork products have to be heat treated @ neutral pH, 4C, the virus can survive for 160d
84
Swine vesicular dz pathogenesis
Fecal-oral route → virus replication in the GI Vesicles and feces with high titers of virus Replicated in epithelial cells and DCs
85
Dx of swine vesicular dz
ELISA (Ag) RT-PCR (rules our other vesicular dz) Multiplex or microarray assays Cytopathic effect in kidney cells (within 6hrs) Intracerebral inoculation of newborn mice

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