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.infection & immunity > Swine Viral Diseases > Flashcards

Swine Viral Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Porcine circovirus 1

A

Not highly prevalent in pigs (apathogenic)

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2
Q

Porcine circovirus 2

A

Porcine circovirus associated dz affects weanling pigs @ 7-15w and occasionally in adults
Resp. dz (lung)- mostly subclin/ mild

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3
Q

_______ is a novel emerging virus

A

PC3

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4
Q

What can PC2 be associated with?

A

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
Porcine resp. dz complex (PRDC)- most common with PRRSV and swine influenza
Granulomatous enteritis
Exudative epidermis
Necrotizing lymphadenitis
leads to mortality rate up to 50%

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of PC2

A

Lymphos, epithelial and endothelial cells → lympho depletion, alteration of monos and macro function and petechial hemorrhage

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6
Q

What enhances PC2?

A

Predispotion to secondary microbial infections: parvo, M. hyopneumoniae, PRRS virus and swine influenza

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7
Q

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)

A

Affects all organs
Coalescing foci of granulomatous inflamm. in lung
Botryoid IBs

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8
Q

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)

A

Ischemic necrosis of skin (rear legs)
Vasculitis and glomerulonephritis of kidney

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9
Q

Porcine resp. disease

A

Late-term abortion, stillborn fetuses exhibit fibrosisng and necrotizing myocarditis

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10
Q

PC2 transmission

A

Direct contact, semen, fomites and biting insects
Found in blood, saliva, feces, urine and semen of infected

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11
Q

Dx of PC2

A

Wasting, lesions and presence of Ag or DNA
IHC (# and distribution of virus-infected cells)
Quantitative PCR (viral load)

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12
Q

DD of PC2

A

PRRS (wasting in PC, repro in both)
Parvo (herpes, repro and neuro)
African Swine (cutaneous, hemorr. in skin, kidney petechial, neuro, foreign)

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13
Q

Vaccines of PC2

A

Chimeric recombinant of PC1 (genetic backbone) and PC2 (capsid protein)

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14
Q

Orthomyxoviridae causes _______________

A

Swine influenza viruses
genus: influenza v. A

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15
Q

How are pigs important for influenza?

A

Mixing vessel due to susceptibility to avian and human influenza (receptors to both)
emerging due to H and N proteins

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16
Q

CS of swine influenza virus

A

Fever, apathy, impotence and resp. distress
Quick recovery (3-6d), death 1% from bronchopneumonia in stressed animals

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17
Q

Swine influenza epidemiology

A

Mostly in late fall/ winter

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18
Q

Trasmission of Swine influenza

A

Entry via aerosols
Replicates in epithelium of nasal cavity and large airways

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19
Q

Lesions associated with Swine influenza

A

Bronchointerstitial pneumonia, demarcated lung lesion in apical and cardia
Hyperemia and inflamm. exudate

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20
Q

Histology of Swine influenza

A

Epithelial surfaces denuded, intraluminal debris in airways, collapsed airways, emphysema

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21
Q

DD of swine infleunza

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (hemorr. lungs, high mortality)
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
M. hemolytica

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22
Q

Dx of Swine influenza

A

Cell cx (virus isolation → MDCK cells, eggs)
RT-PCR (primers of H and N sequence)
IF, IHC
Serology: HAI and ELISA in unvx swine

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23
Q

Immunity and prevention of Swine influenza

A

All- in all out
Vx: killed with H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes

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24
Q

Arteriviridae causes __________

A

Porcine R & R syndrome virus

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25
Q

Porcine R & R syndrome virus

A

Infects domestic and wild pigs
Genotypes 1 (europe) and 2 (NA)
Two phases: repro failure and postweaning resp. dz

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26
Q

CS of PRRSV

A

Post-weaning: cyanosis of extremities and pneumonia
Nursery pigs: roughened hair coats and reduced growth rate

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27
Q

Reproductive failure with PRRSV

A

Late stage (after 90d)
Piglets born after in utero infection: weak and immunocompromised
Abortion, stillbirth, mummies, premature

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28
Q

Transmission of PRRSV

A

Direct contact (pugilism)
Transplacental
Aerosol
Shed in all secretion and excretions

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29
Q

Pathology of PRRSV

A

Replicates in macros in the lung and lymphoid tissue
LN enlargement and interstitial pneumonia

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30
Q

Dx of PRRSV

A

CS and lesions
RT-PCR, ICH, ELISA, cell cx in lung, macros, african green monkey cell and cotton rat lung cells

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31
Q

DD of PRRSV

A

Parvo, pseudorabies, circovirus causing repro. failure
Pleuropneumonia, streptococcus suis and infleunza causing resp. problems

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32
Q

Immunity and control of PRRSV

A

Exclusion in free herds (herd closure)
Vx and management for enzootic infection: commercial, modified-live vx

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33
Q

What are the most common pathogens causing reproductive failure in swine?

A

Porcine pravo
Suid HV1 (pseudorabies or aujeszky’s)
Classical swine fever (hog cholera)
Porcine circovirus 2

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34
Q

Porcine parvovirus

A

Reproductive failure (rarely abortion)- preg gilts and sows
Associated with resp. dz, vesicular dz of feet and mouth in young pigs

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35
Q

Pathogenesis of swine parvo

A

Infects the fetus
Replicated in lymphos, monos and macros causing failure to mount an immune response

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36
Q

Transmission of swine parvo

A

Oronasal- contaminated floor by secretions and excretions

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37
Q

Epidemiology of swine parvo

A

Maternal Abs last for 6m
Boars= carriers (semen shedding)

38
Q

Early stage parvo infection (0-70d)

A

Fetal infection and resorption
Gilts/ sows return to estrus 3-8w after breeding
Remain “pregnant”, not returning to estrus until after farrowing

39
Q

Later stage parvo infection (70-144d)

A

Farrowing of smaller litters, mummified fetuses

40
Q

Dx of parvo

A

IF (frozen fetal tissue)
PCR

41
Q

Vx for parvo

A

Inactivated and attenuated vx

42
Q

Suid Herpesvirus 1 causes ______________-

A

Pseudorabies or Aujeszky’s Dz
genus: varicellovirus

43
Q

Pseudorabies Pathogenesis

A

Viral entry nasal or oral → travels via the axoplasm of the cranial nerves and spread within the CNS

44
Q

How are different types of pigs affected by pseudorabies

A

Reactivation in enzootic herds= no CS
Pregnant sows: 50% abort
20% sows infertile @ first breeding, then conceive later
Piglets: Mortality 100%
Mature: WL and poor growth after recovery

44
Q

CS of pseudorabies

A

Initial: sneezing, coughing, fever, dry feces, depressed
Later (d5): Incoordination, muscle spasm, convulsions, excessive salivation
Later (d6): Dies within 12 hrs, resp. dz in weaned pigs

44
Q

Histological finding of pseudorabies

A

Diffuse non-suppurative lymphocytic meningoencephalitis and ganglioneuritis
Perivascular cuffing, focal gliosis, necrosis of glial cells

44
Q

Dx of pseudorabies

A

History and CS
IHC, IF, PCR (virus detection)
Virus isolation
Serum neutralization, ELISA

44
Q

Immunity and control of pseudorabies

A

Farrow-finish
Vx in enzootic ares: Recombinant DNA, deletion-mutant, live attenuated, inactivated

44
Q

Pathologic lesions of pseudorabies

A

Formation of diptheritic pseudomembrane over mucosa
White or yellow foci of necrosis in liver and spleen

45
Q

Flaviviridae causes _______________-

A

Classical swine fever (Hog cholera)
genus: pestivirus

46
Q

CS of Classical swine fever

A

Yellow diarrhea, purple skin discoloration, hemorrhages, ataxia and incoordination
Repro. failure and abortion

47
Q

Classical Swine fever

A

RNA, contagious and fatal dz of all ages
US free of CSF
Highly lethal, acute, chronic or subclinical forms

48
Q

Pathological lesions of CSF

A

Non-suppurative encephalitis with vascular cuffing
Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage

48
Q

Dx of CSF

A

Herds with unexpected repro. failure with neuro CS in piglets
Confirm with IF, cell cx, ELISA for Ag

49
Q

DD of CSF

A

Africa Swine fever (DNA, asfarviridae)
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

50
Q

Transmission of CSF

A

Infected live animals
Uncooked pork products
Vehicles, equipment and personnel

51
Q

Immunity and control of CSF

A

Vx free in CSF free countries (US and Europe)
Endemic: prophylactic vx

52
Q

Coronaviridae causes _____________

A

Transmissible GE Virus

53
Q

Transmissible GE Virus

A

Enteric (SI) dz of all age groups
Young animals <3w

54
Q

_____________ arose from TGE by ____________

A

Porcine resp. coronavirus
Gene mutation

55
Q

CS of TGE for piglets

A

100% death in 1w piglet and seronegative neonates
Vomiting, watery yellow diarrhea, WL in >1w
Rarely in pigs infected after 2-3w

56
Q

CS of TGE in adult pigs

A

Older growing/ finishing: watery diarrhea
Adult: asymptomatic, occasional lethal outbreaks, then fever, V/D, agalactia

57
Q

Transmission of TGE

A

Fomites and aerosols
Milder for pigs with enzootic infection or previous exposure

58
Q

Pathogenesis of TGE

A

Feco-oral → infection and destruction of enterocytes (SI) → malabsorption and electrolyte imbalance → milk indigestion → acidosis lumen

59
Q

Dx of TGE

A

IF or IP from mucosal impression of intestine
Capture ELISA (Ag) in feces
Serology with paired serum samples by serum neutralization or ELISA assays
Virus cx of kidney, thyroid, or testicle cells

60
Q

How do you differentiate TGE from PRCV

A

RT-PCR using primers targeted deleted region
Competitive ELISA

61
Q

DD of TGE

A

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)- similar with diarrhea and small intestine pathology
Dx with RT-PCR, ELISA for Ab, IFA

62
Q

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED)

A

Reportable
Acute deaths in adults/ finishing from muscle necrosis (back muscle)

63
Q

Vx for TGE

A

Oral vx to pregnant sows → lactogenic immunity to piglets
Natural vx in pregnant sows 2-4w before farrowing

64
Q

Porcine Resp. Coronavirus

A

Spike gene mutant of TGE that lost its enteric tropism and acquired resp. tropism
Enzootic in swine herds worldwide

65
Q

CS of Porcine resp. coronavirus

A

Infects piglets of all ages
Mild fever, dyspnea, polypnea, anorexia
Bronchointerstitial pneumonia

66
Q

Transmission of porcine resp. coronavirus

A

Respiratory droplets and aerosols, direct contact

67
Q

Pathogenesis of Porcine resp. coronavirus

A

Enters nasal cavity, replicates in epithelium of nasal cavity, tonsils and pneumocytes of alveoli

68
Q

Reoviridae causes ____________

A

Rotavirus infections

69
Q

Rotavirus infections pathogenesis

A

Terminally differentiated intestinal epithelial cells: absorptive cells, ileum (cannot be replaced in young) → severity in young, subclinical in adults
Vili secretion of lactase impaired → maldigestion and malabsorption

70
Q

DD of rotavirus

A

TGE (<3w)
PED (all ages)
Isospora suis enteritis (6d-3w)
Colibacillosis (nursing and weanling pigs)

71
Q

Which pathogens cause vesicular/ erosion lesions

A

Vesicular exanthema of swine
Swine vesicular dz

72
Q

Caliciviridae causes ____________

A

Vesicular exanthema of swine
genus: vesivirus

73
Q

Vesicular exanthema of swine

A

Eradicated from US
San Miguel sea lion viruses caused it (still found in marine environment)
High morbidity, low mortality, recovery 1-2w

74
Q

Transmission of Vesicular exanthema

A

Contact with other pigs, contaminated feed

75
Q

Acute febrile dz of Vesicular exanthema

A

Vesicles on snout, tongue and teats and feet (coronary bands)
Lameness, pregnant sows may abort

76
Q

Pathogenesis of Vesicular exanthema

A

Oronasal route → squamous epithelium →vesicles and ulcerations → encephalitis and myocarditis

77
Q

Dx of Vesicular exanthema

A

Notifiable dz
Based on fever and vesicles rupturing after 24-48 hrs with erosions and ulcers
Confirmed by EM, RT-PCR and serology

78
Q

Immunity and control of Vesicular exanthema

A

Immune to reinfection after recovery
Garbage feeding and outbreaks

79
Q

Piconaviridae causes ____________

A

Swine vesicular dz
genus: enterovirus

80
Q

Swine vesicular dz

A

Transient dz with vesicles on snout, feet and mouth
Not found in the US

81
Q

Why is swine vesicular dz important

A

Must be differentiated from FMD
Control measures (screening) important for import of infected meat due to virus resistance to low pH

82
Q

CS of swine vesicular dz

A

Sudden appearance of lameness
Transient fever then vesicles @ junction between heal and coronary band
Encephalomyelitis (rare)

83
Q

Epidemiology of swine vesicular dz

A

Infected meat → pork products have to be heat treated
@ neutral pH, 4C, the virus can survive for 160d

84
Q

Swine vesicular dz pathogenesis

A

Fecal-oral route → virus replication in the GI
Vesicles and feces with high titers of virus
Replicated in epithelial cells and DCs

85
Q

Dx of swine vesicular dz

A

ELISA (Ag)
RT-PCR (rules our other vesicular dz)
Multiplex or microarray assays
Cytopathic effect in kidney cells (within 6hrs)
Intracerebral inoculation of newborn mice

.infection & immunity (12 decks)

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