Bovine Viral Diseases Part 2

Question 1

Paramyxoviridae is the viral agent of ____________

Answer 1

Rinderpest
Genus: morbillivirus

Question 2

Rinderpest

Answer 2

Breathing issue and cessation of eating
Congestion in the mm of conjunctiva, oral and nasal cavity → oculonasal discharge

Question 3

Severe cases of rinderpest

Answer 3

Erosion and ulceration of oral epithelium
Plaques of caseous necrotic debris
Severe blood diarrhea
↓ temp → death from dehydration and shock

Question 4

Who is affected by rinderpest

Answer 4

Young animals
less severe in sheep and goats

Question 5

Rinderpest transmission

Answer 5

Spread in all secretions and excretion
Direct contact between infected or fomites
Aerosol

Question 6

Pathology of rinderpest

Answer 6

Nasal entry → affects lymphos (viremia) of tonsils and pharyngeal LNs
GI and resp → viremia of endo and epithelium

Question 7

Lesions of Rinderpest

Answer 7

Diffuse hemorrhage
Zebra strips in the LI (segmental vasc. congestion)
Sec. bacteria pneumonia

Question 8

Look-alike diseases of rinderpest

Answer 8

BVD, MCF
Early stages FMD and BRT

Question 9

Dx of rinderpest

Answer 9

Multiplex PCR
Cell cultures (kidney)
ELISA (for screening)

Question 10

Cattle that survive a rinderpest infection have ____________

Answer 10

Lifelong immunity

Question 11

Abs with Rinderpest

Answer 11

Neutralizing Abs appear 6-7 dys after infection
Vx affective (no vx because world is free)

Question 12

DD of rinderpest

Answer 12

Bluetongue (sheep disease)
Pseudorabies (pig)
Vesicular stomatitis

Question 13

Retroviridae is the viral agent of ________

Answer 13

Bovine leukosis/ Bovine leukemia virus / Enzootic bovine leukosis
Genus: deltaretrovirus

Question 14

Bovine leukosis

Answer 14

Dairy cattle (4-8 y), buffalo
Sporadic, lethal, persistent lymphocytosis of B cells (macros and monos)
Life-long (lymphos divide and maintain)

Question 15

Bovine leukosis transmission

Answer 15

Transfer of infected cells: direct contact, milk, contaminated blood and insect bites

Question 16

Majority of cattle infected with bovine leukosis are ________ but 1.5% develop _____________

Answer 16

1. asymptomatic
2. multicentric lymphosarcoma

Question 17

CS of bovine leukosis

Answer 17

Multicentric lymphoid tumors in LNs, abomasum, heart, spleen, intestine, spinal meninges, etc.
→ para and tetroparesis

Question 18

Dx tests for bovine leukosis

Answer 18

ELISA (Abs or Ags)
AGID
PCR

Question 19

Papillomavirus

Answer 19

Papillomas/ warts in cattle
All affected but highest in calves and yearlings

Question 20

What are the 2 forms of bovine papillomavirus?

Answer 20

True form (infects epith. cells)
Fibropapilloma form (infects fibroblasts)

Question 21

True papilloma

Answer 21

Induce epithelial, cutaneous lesions without proliferation of fibroblasts
Lesions: flat with broad base

Question 22

Fibropapillomas

Answer 22

Lesions: small nodules or cauliflower- like growths
Greyish to black, rough and spiny
Large masses → abrasions and bleeding

Question 23

Where are Fibropapillomas found

Answer 23

Udder, teats, neck,shoulders, omasum, vagina,penis and anus

Question 24

Transmission of bovine papillomavirus

Answer 24

Fomites
Sexual (venereal warts)
Milking
Latent and becomes reactivated

Question 25

Papillomavirus exposure of horses may lead to _____

Answer 25

sarcoids

Question 26

Pathogenesis of papillomavirus

Answer 26

Epithelial hyperplasia with degeneration and hyper keratinization 4-6 weeks after exposure
For 1-6 moths before spontaneous immune-mediated regression

Question 27

Healing papillomavirus

Answer 27

Bovine interferon-alpha, photodynamic drugs (activation of light sensitive)

Question 28

Vx of papillomavirus

Answer 28

Vx with viral capsid proteins (limited due to many virus types