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Canine diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Parvoviridae

A

DNA virus
Affects rapidly dividing cells (polymerase) in crypts of intestine, BM and fetus
Stable in feces (>2 years)

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2
Q

Where are parvoviruses severe?

A

Fetuses and neonates
Rapidly dividing hemopoietic precursors, lymphocytes and progenitor cells of the intestinal mucosa

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3
Q

K9 parvovirus 2

A

Highly contagious (fecal-oral)
Infects all Canidae family

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4
Q

Clinical features of K9 parvovirus 2

A

Rapidly growing pups: 6w-6m
Mild or sub-clinical disease

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5
Q

Enteritis syndrome with parvovirus 2

A

Intestinal hemorrhage with severe bloody diarrhea
Vomiting initial sign, feces streaked with blood until recovery or death from bacteremia

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6
Q

Other CS from K9 parvo 2

A

Myocarditis (In utero or in the first week —> heart failure and sudden death)
Leukopenia or neutropenia

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of K9 parvo 2 (oropharyngeal route)

A

Acute heart failure → pulmonary edema/ hepatic congestion → oropharyngeal route → blood →death of enterocytes in the crypts mucosal collapse → mal-absorption and diarrhea

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8
Q

Pathogenesis of K9 parvo 2 (rapidly dividing cells route)

A

Hematopoietic system → leukopenia → bacteria infection
Heart cells in pups → acute heart failure

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9
Q

Pathogenesis of K9 parvo 2 (hemagglutination route)

A

Coagulation in BV→ edema, hemorrhage in several organs (intestine)

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10
Q

Dx of K9 parvo 2

A

Sudden onset of foul smelling and bloody diarrhea in young dogs
Virus shed in feces for 3-7 days after onset
PCR from fecal extracts
SNAP test- 100% specificity and sensitivity (frist 10 dys)

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11
Q

Ag test for K9 parvo 2

A

+, infected: reliable with CS
+, not infected: recent vx
-, infected: mild signs, low sample

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12
Q

PCR test for K9 parvo 2

A

Useful when Ag test is negative but parvo enteritis is suspected

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13
Q

K9 parvo 2 prevention

A

Isolation of sick dogs
Vx: live-attenuated vx (starts @ 6-8 w)

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14
Q

Vx failure in K9 parvo 2

A

Due to maternal Abs
Pups susceptible to infection for 1 week after maternal Abs

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15
Q

Hygiene and disinfectants for K9 parvo 2

A

House bleach, organic phenolic or iodine or glutaraldehyde disinfectants
Calccium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide disinfectants

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16
Q

Adenoviridae

A

Contagious disease of dogs —> respiratory, ocular and systemic diseases
Foxes, skunks, wolves, bears
DNA virus

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17
Q

K9 adenovirus 2

A

Causes localized respiratory disease

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18
Q

What disease does K9 adenovirus 1 causes?

A

Infectious K9 hepatitis
systemic adenovirus disease

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19
Q

K9 adenovirus 1/Infectious K9 Hepatitis transmission

A

Enters the nasopharynx, oral and conjunctival routes
Ingestion of urine, feces or saliva of infected dogs

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20
Q

Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 (respiratory route)

A

Mild resp. disease → nasal discharge, tonsilitis
Oral → oral discharge → mal-absorption, V/D
Conjunctiva → ocular discharge → conjunctivitis, opacity

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21
Q

Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1(virus systemic dissemination route)

A

Several organs (liver, GB)
Jaundice, pale mm

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22
Q

Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 (failure of clotting route)

A

Thrombocytopenia → edema, hemorrhage in several organs (intestine) → necrosis and sudden death

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23
Q

What does Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 affect?

A

< 1year old dogs
Immunologically naive animals: resp. → systemic in younger dogs

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24
Q

Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 systemic disease

A

Peracute: sudden death (3-4 hrs)
Acute: incubation pd. 4-9 days (recover or die)
Chronic: hepatic failure
Mild: vx

25
Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 CS
Jaundice, leukopenia, Bilateral corneal opacity (7-10 days after recovery- 25%)
26
Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 lesions
Vascular endothelial cells primary target —> paint brush hemorrhages Hepatic cell necrosis, thick edematous GB Grey, white foci (kidney cortex) Bleu eyes due to Arthus rx in anterior chamber (uveitis, type 3 hypersensitivity)
27
Dx of Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1
Isolation in urine (shed for months, madu-darby K9 kidney cells) Serology: ELISA, HAI, VN (chronic form) PCR, post mortem: IHC, IBs and IF
28
Vx for Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1
CAV-1 causes uveitis and nephritis Inactivated/ live modified CAV2 doesn't cause uveitis and not shed in urine
29
What disease does paramyxoviridae cause?
Distemper virus *genus: morbillivirus*
30
Paramyxoviridae (Distemper disease)
RNA virus Syncytium formation (fusion forming giant cell) Intranucelar and intracytoplasmic IBs (acidophilic)
31
What animals does paramyxoviridae (distemper) effect?
Acute febrile disease of dogs 3-6 m Infects all Canidae, felidae, procyonidae (racoon, panda) and Mustelidae (weasel, ferret, mink)
32
Subclinical paramyxoviridae virus
Doesn't require vet care (50%)
33
Mild disease from paramyxoviridae virus
Fever, upper resp. tract infection, ocular discharge purulent, coughing and breathing problem (50%)
34
Severe disease from paramyxoviridae virus
Biphasic fever with viremia and leukopenia Upper resp. tract infection and resp. signs
35
Progressive profound disease of paramyxoviridae virus
CNS signs (30%) 1-3w after onset of acute disease Seizures, cerebellar and vestibular signs, para paresis or tetra paresis
36
Significant sign of an animals with paramyxoviridae virus
Hyperkeratosis of foot pads and the nose in dogs with neurological disease: epithelial damage
37
Transmission of paramyxoviridae virus
Trans: droplets and aerosol In all secretions and excretions from day 5 after infection
38
What cells does paramyxovirdae affect?
Thymocytes, activated lymphocytes and macrophages and dendritic cells
39
Pathogenesis of paramyxoviridae virus
1. Resp route → nasal discharge 2. Binds to SLAM receptors on thymos, lymphos, etc → thymus, LNs, GALT → V/D and leukopenia → bacterial infection 3. Astrocytes (glial cells in CNS) → demyelination, necrosis, gilosis, encephaloyelitis → tetra- and paraparesis 4. Damage to epithelial cells nose and feet →keratosis
40
Paramyxoviridae Dx
Novel test (IDEXX): real time PCR (differentiate infected from vx) Virus isolation ** Serology: ELISA for Ab
41
Paramyxoviridae vx
Distemper modified live attenuated (MLV) in pups 4w, 2-4 intervals until 16 w
42
Alternative paramyxoviridae vx for maternal Ab interference
Canarypox-vectored recombinant vx that expresses H and F glycoproteins of CDV
43
CD v. parvo
More serve bloody foul smelling diarrhea and intestinal lesions (parvo) Progressive CNS and IBs in lymphos and neuros (CD) Vomiting, leukopenia in both
44
Herpesviridae
Rare but fatal (100%) in pups under 4w (DNA) Only Canidae susceptible Kennels Cough syndrome
45
What does herpesviridae cause?
Generalized hemorrhagic discharge → upper resp. tract infection, vesicular vaginitis, posthitis in adult dogs
46
CS of herpesviridae
Painful crying, abdominal pain and dyspnea Rapid death in litter Vaginal or preputial discharge, abortion, neonatal death in adult dogs
47
Pathogenesis of herpesviridae
Pups born to seronegative bitches infected from dam's vag or other infected dogs Temp for viral replication <37C → upper resp. tract Replicates in vasc endothelium lining small vessels
48
Stressed pups with herpesviridae
Hypothermic pups, cell associated viremia present and causes fatal disease
49
Lesions caused by herpesviridae
Hemorrhage and focal necrosis of affected pups CNS in older dogs maybe IBs in areas of necrosis of liver, lung and kidney
50
Dx tests for herpesviridae
PCR on postportem tissue IBs
51
Controlling herpesviridae
Maintain temp, adequate fluids and therapy Separate pregnant and recently delivered dogs Isolate naive bitches during pregnancy Wash hand thoroughly
52
T/F: There is no herpesviridae vaccine in the US
TRUE
53
K9 infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC)/ Kennel Cough viruses
One or combo of K9 parainfluenza 5, adenovirus 2 and distemper Passengers: K9 reovirus, herpesvirus and adenovirus 1
54
Kennel Cough
Highly contagious, causes inflamm of the upper resp. tract Mild, self-limiting but may become fatal from bronchopneumonia or chronic bronchitis
55
CS of Kennel Cough
Sudden outburst of harsh dry cough followed by retching and gagging for 20 days
56
Severe disease of Kennel Cough
Fever, purulent nasal discharge (infection by bordetella bronchiseptica, pseudomonas spp. E. coli, klebesiella pneumonia)
57
Dx of Kennel cough
K9 resp. pathogen PCR panel
58
Kennel Cough vx
CP/CAV-2/CDV modified live combo or B. bronchispetica/ CP intranasal combo Reduces severity of infection rate (not cure)
59
Core vaccines
K9 parvovirus (CPV), distemper (CDV), adenovirus 2 (CAV) and rabies

.infection & immunity (12 decks)

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