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Small ruminant viral diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Reoviridae causes __________ in small ruminants

A

Bluetongue virus
genus: orbivirus

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2
Q

Bluetongue virus

A

RNA virus
25 serotypes due to genetic drift and shift

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3
Q

Which species does Bluetongue affect?

A

Certain breeds of sheep
Domestic cattle, white-tailed deer and goats (asymptomatic)

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4
Q

Bluetongue transmission

A

Biting insects (Culicoids spp.) in late summer/ autumn
Colostrum
Semen in bulls

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of bluetongue

A

SC inoculation → lungs, spleen, LNs → replication in macros, DCs and vasc endothelium → hemorrhage prolonged edema

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6
Q

CS of bluetongue

A

Fever, hyperemia in oral cavity, excess salivation, frothing, purulent nasal discharge
Severe: cyanotic

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7
Q

How does bluetongue lead to death

A

With resp. distress from the pulmonary edema and bronchopneumonia

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8
Q

Lesions of bluetongue

A

Ulceration and hemorrhage in oral cavity
Severe muscle degeneration with toricollis
Lungs filled with frothy fluid
Pericardial and pleural effusion
Edema in head and neck
Hemorrhage in the pulmonary artery
Multifocal necrosis of the myocardium
Coronary bands (become hyperemic)

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9
Q

Coronary bands associated with bluetongue

A

Coronary bands become hyperemic → pain leading to recumbency → hyperemia of skin leads to wool break weeks later

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10
Q

Bluetongue in pregnancy ewes

A

May abort
Malformed lambs or calves show hydranecephaly or porencephaly → ataxia and blindness at birth

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11
Q

DX of bluetongue

A

Samples of washed blood cells (lung or spleen)
RT-PCR*
Competitive ELISA*

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12
Q

Competitive ELISA

A

Blocks by competition
Patient Abs compete with tagged commercial specific Abs then block them from binding to VP7Ag (color reduced)

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13
Q

Bluetongue vx

A

Inactivated* and live-attenuated vx
US monovalent modified live

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14
Q

Paramyxoviridae causes _______ in small ruminants

A

Peste des petits ruminants
genus: morbillivirus

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15
Q

Peste des petits ruminants

A

In Africa, Middle East and Asia
RNA virus

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16
Q

Peste des petits ruminants transmission

A

Close contact with infected animals, in secretion for several days

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17
Q

Who is affected by Peste des petits ruminants

A

Goats and sheep (young animals) more severe

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18
Q

CS of Peste des petits ruminants

A

Fever2-8 days after infection
Anorexia, nasal and ocular discharges
Necrotic stomatitis and gingivitis and diarrhea
Bronchopneumonia

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19
Q

Pathogenesis of Peste des petits ruminants

A

Viremia, leukopenia, systemic
Infection of lymphos, macros and intestinal epithelium

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20
Q

Lesions of Peste des petits ruminants

A

Extensive erosion and necrosis in the alimentary tract, intestinal pneumonia and enlarged LNs

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21
Q

Dx of Peste des petits ruminants

A

Reverse transcription PCR**
Competitive ELISA

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22
Q

Vx of Peste des petits ruminants

A

Attenuated PPR vx prepared in vero cell culture

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23
Q

Flaviviridae causes ______________-

A

Border disease
genus: pestivirus

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24
Q

Border disease

A

Hairy shaker disease or Fuzzy lamb syndrome
RNA disease
Congenital abnormalities

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25
Which animals are affected by Border disease?
Non-domesticated sheep and goats (wild animals reservoir) Reported in goats, pigs and cattle
26
CS of border disease
Congential disorder of lambs Low birth weight, tremors, abortion in ewes
27
Border disease transmission
Direct contact between sheep (persistently infected carrier animals) BVD serotypes shed in all secretions and excretions
28
Pathology of Border disease
Adult sheep subclinical Immunological tolerance Persistent infection, seronegative lambs
29
Pathology of pregnant ewes with Border disease
Early: (10-30 days) → fetal death, resorption or mummification (placentitis) Mid: (40-60 days) → myelin deficiency (oligodendrocyte destruction) → teratogenic abnormalities Late: Effective immune response Hairy fleece
30
Dx of border disease
CS and history ELISA/ IF, serological assays and RT-PCR (viral Ag)
31
Poxviridae causes _______________
Orf virus (contagious ecthyma/ contagious pustular dermatitis), *genus: parapoxvirus* Sheeppox/goatpox virus, *genus: capripoxvirus*
32
Orf virus
DNA virus, zoonotic "Scabby Mouth" In sheep and goats (more severe)
33
CS of Orf virus
Lesion of muzzle, lips, eyelids, feet and teats Papules to pustules then crusts to bleeding 1-4 w, heals without scar
34
Vx of Orf virus
Non-attenuated vx derived from infected scabs or cell culture Vx during outbreak, not orf-free farms
35
Sheeppox/ goatpox virus
High mortality in young and immunologically naiive animals Most impt due to economic loss
36
Transmission of sheeppox/ goatpox virus
Aerosol and biting arthropods Enters small skin wounds and scabs formed (shedding still infective for several months)
37
CS of sheeppox/ goatpox virus
Fever, ↑ RR, edema of eyelids and nasal discharge Skin nodules below the tail Skin lesions proliferative for 3-4 w thenleads permanent depressed scar
38
Lesions of sheeppox/ goatpox virus
Ulceration in mouth Lungs: multicentric pulmonary fibrosis
39
Pathogenesis of sheeppox/ goatpox virus
Tropism for epithelial cells Tracheal congestion and patchy discoloration of lungs Spleen and LNs enlarged with necrosis
40
Histo lesions of sheeppox/ goatpox virus
Necrosis with depletion of lymphos of spleen and LNs
41
Dx sheeppox/ goatpox virus
EM Cell cultures IHC, cytoplasmic IBs and PCR
42
Immunity and control of sheeppox/ goatpox virus
Exclusion of animals (free countries) Vx with attenuated or inactivated vx (enzootic areas) Lumpy skin virus vx
43
Retroviridae causes _________________
Caprine Arthritis (encephalitis virus) Visna-Maedi (europe) and Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (USA) *genus: lentivirus* Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis virus (Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus) *genus: betaretrovirus*
44
Caprine Arthritis (encephalitis virus)
Dairy goats (80%) 2 syndromes: encephalomyelitis (2-4m) and arthritis (12m)
45
CS of Caprine Arthritis
CNS disease: progressive leukoencephalomyeltits with ascending paralysis Arthritis (joints swollen and painful) Bursae (atlanto-occipital, tendon sheets with fluid) Udder: lymphocytic mastitis
46
Pathology of Caprine Arthritis
Lymphoproliferative with degenerative mononulcear cell infiltration CNS: focal malacia (softening), mononuclear cell inflamm.
47
Dx of Caprine Arthritis
ELISA of agar gel diffusion (Virus-specific Abs) PCR
48
Transmission of Caprine Arthritis
Neonates: colostrum or milk (infected macros) Older: direct contact with saliva, urogenital secretions and feces
49
DD of Caprine Arthritis
Arthritis Progressive paresis and paralysis in kids Pulmonary form (caseous lymphadentitis)
50
Visna-Maedi
2 viruses: visna (wasting neurological) and Maedi (progressive form, lung and dyspnea)
51
CS of Visna-Maedi
Rarely in sheep (<3 y) Incubation of up to 8 y Slight weakness of hind legs, stumble or fall, abort or deliver weak lambs
52
Progressive form of Visna-Maedi
WL, dyspnea → paraplegia Head jerk with inspiration, nostrils flared with nasal discharge and cough
53
Visna-Maedi transmission
Infected ewes to nursing lambs through colostrum and milk macros Direct from nasal or sexual
54
Pathogenesis of Visna-Maedi
Droplet infection via resp. tract with monocytes- associated viremia
55
Visna-Maedi CNS lesions
Demyelinating leukoencephalomyelitis scattered Infiltrated with lymphos, plasma cells and macros Perivascular cuffing Neuronal necrosis Malacia
56
Lesions of Maedi
Lungs consolidated Show ribs impression Pale parenchyma, small grey foci and rubbery texture Enlarged bronchial and mediastinal LNs Indurative mastitis
57
Histo of Maedi
Hyperplasia of fibrous tissue and muscle of alveolar septa and mononuclear cell inflamm. infiltration Interstitial pneumonia with lymphoid nodules
58
Dx of Visna-Maedi
Gel immunodiffusion and ELISA and WB PCR Co-cultivation of PBMCs
59
Immunity and control of Visna-Maedi
Virus refractory to immune clearance (retrovirus) Isolation of lambs from seropositive ewes
60
DD of Visna-Maedi
Progressive pneumonia Neurologic form (visna)
61
Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis Virus (Jaagsiekte retrovirus)
Ovine pulmonary carcinoma Adults: chronic wasting and severe resp. disease Loss in adult sheep >2y
62
Transmission of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis
Aerosols (close contact) Colostrum and milk
63
CS of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis
Progressive dyspnea, anorexia, and cachexia Neoplastic nodules (proliferating pneumocytes) disseminated in lung, secondary bacterial pneumonia, then death
64
Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis is restricted to the ___________________
Lungs *metastasizes to the LNs*
65
Lesions of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis
Infects pneumocytes Adenomas or adenocarcinomas
66
Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis Dx
No Abs detected against virus PCR

.infection & immunity (12 decks)

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