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Bovine Viral Diseases Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What bovine diseases does coronaviridae cause?

A

Calf diarrhea
Winter dysentery
Respiratory disease

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2
Q

Winter dysentery

A

Acute disease of adult cattle (winter)
Explosive bloody diarrhea with ↓ milk production, depression, anorexia and resp. signs

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3
Q

Winter dysentery transmission

A

Feco-oral resp

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4
Q

Lesions with winter dysentery

A

Profuse loss of water and bleeding from necrosis of the crypt cells in LI

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5
Q

Respiratory disease

A

Mild resp. disease in 2-6 m old calves (rhinitis)
Shed from nose and in feces

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of coronavirdae in cattle

A

Multiply in mature entrocytes, crypt cells and resp. tract (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli)

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7
Q

Coronavirus shedding persists up to __________ after infection

A

10 days

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8
Q

Consequences of bovine coronavirus

A

Malabsorption, rapid loss of water and electrolytes
Hypoglycemia, acidosis and hypovolemia → circulatory failure and death

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9
Q

Secondary infection to bovine coronavirus

A

Secondary bacterial infection → shipping fever pneumonia caused by Mannheimia haemolytica biotype A (10-14 dys after shipping)

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10
Q

Differentials of bovine coronavirus

A

Acute diarrhea: salmonellosis, coccidiosis, BVD (but not dyssentery in those diseases and limited to LI)

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11
Q

Dx of bovine coronavirus

A

Cell culture isolation (HRT-18 cells)
ELISA (feces and nasal swabs)
RT-PCR
IHC for post-mortem

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12
Q

Immunity against calf diarrhea

A

Dams vx during calves suckling period (passive immunity via colostrum)
Intranasal live modified

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13
Q

T/F: Resp. disease and winter dysentery currently have no vx

A

TRUE
attenuated bovine enteric coronavirus vx may reduce risk of infection in WD

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14
Q

Flaviviridae causes ________________-

A

Bovine viral diarrhea
genus: pestivirus

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15
Q

BVD virus genotypes

A

2 genotypes (types I and II) → 2 clinically diff diseases: BVD and mucosal disease

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16
Q

BVD

A

Acute resp. disease of cattle usually 6- 24 mon of age
Immune suppression: hallmark

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17
Q

Mucosal disease

A

Fatal, sporadic but sudden
Occurs in persistently infected cattle

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18
Q

BVD transmission

A

Vertical transmission to the fetus → abortion, teratogenesis, persistent infection

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19
Q

BVD pathogenesis (postnatal infections)

A

Resp. route → replication nasal mucosa and tonsils → thrombocytopenia OR ulcerative lesions in intestine

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20
Q

Postnatal infection in non-preggo young cattle with BVD

A

Mild: biphasic fever and leukopenia within 5-7 days with diarrhea, nasal or ocular discharge, ulceration in mouth/ lips
Severe: thrombocytopenia → hemorrhage and death

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21
Q

BVD infection in preggo cows

A

0-50: abortion
50-12: persistently infected calves, tolerant and clinically normal
100-180: severe, malformations, eye, jaw, CNS

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22
Q

When does mucosal disease occur

A

When 2 biotypes of the virus (cytopathic and non-) are present (super infected with CP strain)
Profuse watery diarrhea and discharge, intestinal necrosis, serve erosive or ulcerative stomatitis then death

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23
Q

Congenital malformations for in utero fetal infections with MD

A

In utero fetal infections between 4-6 m in development the eye and CNS → mummification, premies, stillbirth and birth of weak calves, cerebellar hypoplasia, caviation

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24
Q

Acute mucosal disease

A

Striking necrosis of the GI and lymphoid organs, erosions and ulcers in the epithelium or oral and nasal cavities, esophagus

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25
Chronic mucosal disease
GI lesions not present Skin ulcers, hyperkeratosis in neck, shoulders and extremities
26
What does herpesviridae (Bovine herpes 1) cause in bovine?
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis
27
Initial CS of Bovine Herpes 1
Ulcerated mucosa covered by cream-colored diphtheritic membrane (formed by coagulative necrosis) Fever, nasal discharge (purulent), hyperemic nasal mucosa with hemorr.
28
CS of Bovine rhinotracheitis
Unilateral/bilateral conjunctivitis, profuse lacrimation, gastroeneteritis, mastitis Abortion @ 4-7 mon gestation
29
CS of Infectious vulvovaginitis
Most common in dairy cattle Fever, anorexia, stand apart with tail held away from vulva, urination frequent and painful Vulva labia swollen with discharge, reddened
30
IBR is a major significance in _____
feedlots *mechanically transmitted between bulls in AI*
31
BH1
Life-long latent infection with periodic virus shedding Trigeminal and sciatic ganglia sites for disease
32
Dx of BH1
EM of scrapings, vascular fluid PCR and IF Cell culture and serology Aborted fetus: IHC, PCR and virus isolation
33
BH1 vx and control
IM inactivated live attenuated vx and recombinant vx delete a marker gene to reduce incidence and severity Intranasal live modified for pregnant cows
34
When should BH1 vx be done?
Before coitus to prevent abortion and prior to stressful situations (weaning or transport)
35
What clinical diseases does BH2 cause?
Bovine mammilitis (lesions to teats spread to udder) Pseudo-lumpy skin disease (generalized skin dis)
36
Pseudo-lumpy skin disease
Incubation of 5-9 days Fever, sudden appearance of skin nodules on face, neck, back and perineum Nodules lead to necrosis and healing with scars
37
Bovine mammilitis
Lesions on teats that occasionally spread to udder Fever and milk yeild reduced by 10% due to difficulty milking
38
Pathogenesis of BH2
BM: restricted, local PLS: generalized, viremic spread
39
DX of BH2
Em of scrapings or vesicular fluid Virus isolation from nodules
40
DD of BH2
Lumpy skin disease Pseudocoxpox (parapox) Cowpox virus Vesicular stomatitis FMD Papillomas
41
Bovine core viral vx
BH2, BVD, Parainfluenza type 3, bovine syncytial virus and infection bovine rhinotracheitis
42
Malignant Catarrhal Fever caused by _______
Herpesviridae
43
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Invariably fatal (2-7 dys after signs) Generalized lymphoproliferative disease of cattle and wild ruminants
44
What does MCF affect?
Lymphoid tissue and mucosal lining of the resp. and GI tracts
45
How do cattle obtain MCF
Alceaphine herpesviris 1 (wildebeest) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (sheep)
46
CS of Alceaphine herpesviris 1and ovine herpesvirus 2
After 3-4 week incubation = leukopenia, profuse nasal and ocular discharges and bilateral opacity (blindness)
47
CS of MCF
Generalized lymphadenopathy, extensive mucosal erosions and CNS signs (necrosis and inflamed arteries in the brain)
48
What do erosions from MCF lead to?
Melena (upper GI bleeding) and ulcerations of the oral cavity
49
Dx of MCF
Leukopenia (infecting lymphocytes) Isolated in cell culture after inoculation of washed PBLs Biopsy of tissues and blood for PCR and culture Bilateral corneal opacity
50
DD for MCF
BVD (MCF in more mature) Blue tongue (rare in cattle, common in sheep) Bovine leukemia (multicentric lymphosarcomas)
51
What does paramyxoviridae cause?
Bovine resp. syncytial *genus: pneumovirus*
52
Bovine resp. syncytial
Most common is recently weaned claves and young cattle Occurs in winter Trans through aerosols or resp. tract excretions
53
T/F: Pre-existing maternal or after infection Abs don't prevent virus replication and excretion due to carrier animals
TRUE
54
Cs of Bovine resp. syncytial
Sudden onset of high fever, hyperpnea, abdominal breathing , lethargy, rhinitis, nasal discharge and cough
55
Secondary bacterial infection of Bovine resp. syncytial
Mannheimia haemolytics that causes pneumonia (lower resp, tract)
56
Pathogenesis of Bovine resp. syncytial
Calves infected experimentally → destruction of ciliated epithelium in lungs → pneumonia Syncytia in alveolar and bronchial walls
57
Dx Bovine resp. syncytial
Isolation from tracheal wash (IF staining with Ab) RT-PCR developed for BRS
58
Picornaviridae causes ________
Foot and Mouth disease
59
Genus Apthovirus contains what species
FMD virus, equine rhinitis and bovine rhinitis B virus
60
FMD
Affects cloven-hoofed animals (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, llama, etc) Severe in cattle and swine
61
CS of FMD
2-8 dy incubation → fever, loss of appetite, depression and marked ↓ in milk production Abortion
62
Within 24 hrs of contracting FMD
Drooling and saliva and vesicles develop on tongue and gums, interdigital skin and coronary band on the feet and teat Vesicles rupture → ulcers
63
Ulcers with FMD
Heal fast on tongue On feet and nasal cavity infected with bacteria → lameness and mucopurulent nasal discharge
64
Calves infected with FMD
Up to 6 months can cause death through injury to the myocardium and myocarditis
65
Trans of FMD
Inhalation of droplets (main) Ingestion of food, inoculation with contaminated vx, infected semen
66
Pathogenesis of FMD
Replication occurs in the pharynx Viremic and spreads to other tissues (systemic)
67
Dx of FMD
Report to the gov and they collect specimens
68
Differentials of FMD
Vesicular lesions caused by vescicular sotmatits virus (rhabdoviridae), rinderpest (paramyoxoviridae) and BVD
69
Tests of FMD
Multiplex RT-PCR with RT- PCR ELISA and cell culutre IDEXX FMD multispecies Ab test
70
Immunity of FMD
Inactivated vx available Slaughter

.infection & immunity (12 decks)

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