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APSC 1454 > Swine Industry > Flashcards

Swine Industry Flashcards

1
Q

Has the US hog inventor increased or decline in the last 5-10 years?

A

increased

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2
Q

Where does US rank in swine production?

A

3rd. China is #1

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3
Q

Has the number of hog operations increased or decreased?

A

decreased

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4
Q

Where are most swine located and why?

A

Iowa because of the corn and soybean

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5
Q

Piglet

A

young baby pig

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6
Q

gilt

A

young female pig

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7
Q

sow

A

mature female pig

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8
Q

boar

A

intact male

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9
Q

barrow

A

castrated male pig

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10
Q

farrowing

A

act of birthing

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11
Q

pork

A

meat from pig

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12
Q

Yorkshire

A

most recorded breed in the US, most commercial females Yorkshire and Landrace crosses, maternal breed, all white, erect ears

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13
Q

Duroc

A

Terminal breed, solid red, medium size, US

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14
Q

Berkshire

A

Terminal breed, black with white points, erect ears

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15
Q

Hampshire

A

Terminal breed, black with white belt, erect ears, US, white line behind neck and white legs

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16
Q

Landrace

A

Maternal, all white, medium floppy ears, long body, Denmark, extra vertebrae and ribs

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17
Q

Traditional swine production

A

family farm, mostly farrow-to-finish, live marketing, outdoor, two litters/year, pigs weaned at 5-6 weeks of age

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18
Q

Farrow-to-finish

A

many feeder pig producers, finishing operations in midwest

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19
Q

live marketing

A

marking choices

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20
Q

Continuous farrowing

A

multiple farrowing groups, over 200 litters per week

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21
Q

modern pork production

A

small number of large producers, total confinement buildings, environmentally controlled, continuous farrowing, early weaning at 21 days, artificial insemination, efficient

22
Q

Vertical integration

A

the entire supply chain is controlled and owned by a single organization

23
Q

Vertical integration of industry

A

economics for sale, packer contracts, industrialization techniques
BUT “not in my backyard” environment concerns, consumer perceptions

24
Q

Manure

A

minimize ammonia, minimize odor, avoid pathogen release, avoid soil and groundwater contamination

25
Q

general management consideration

A

manure, low stress handling and transportation, castration, tail docking, and sow housing

26
Q

General Housing

A

total confinement, concrete flooring, slats that urine and manure fall through into a pit, manure stored in pit or pumped into lagoon

27
Q

Seedstock Producer (cycle)

A

breeding/gestation, farrowing, nursey, grow/finish

28
Q

Seedstock Producer

A

companies, sell genetics to commercial producers, private individuals only develop genetics for niche markets (show animals)

29
Q

Breeding/gestation

A

house sows, breed, and manage until ready to farrow

30
Q

Sow Housing

A

gestation creates, individual stall, 6.5ft long by 2.5ft wide, sow can’t turn around, movement restricted, less fighting, safer for handlers

31
Q

Group Housing

A

larger pens, socialization, more fighting, industry is transitioning towards this type of facility

32
Q

PIC

A

pig improvement company, seedstock

33
Q

When pigs spend their entire place at one facility

A

farrow to finish

34
Q

Farrowing Stage

A

move to different barn, farrow and raise piglets, greater climate control, cross-fostering

35
Q

Nursey

A

weaned pigs, often transported to new unit, transition to feed

36
Q

Nursey management

A

stress a big problem, avoiding stress, temperature-85 degrees first 2 weeks, drop 3 degrees per week to 70-75 degrees

37
Q

How to avoid stress in the nursery

A

clean, dry environment, sort by size, access to water and feed all times, find sick pigs early

38
Q

Grow/Finish

A

take pigs from nursey, raise to market weight, enter at 50-60lbs, leave at 250-300lbs

39
Q

Wean/Finish

A

pigs weaned directly into finishing style building, enter 8-20lbs, leave 250-300lbs, less transportation, less barn cleaning, better biosecurity, increased facility costs, less efficient barn utilization, labor

40
Q

Housing (market pigs)

A

group housing, nursey (20-30 pigs/pen), Grown-finish (30-50 pigs/pen)

41
Q

Thermoneutral zone

A

a temperature range in which an animal doesn’t have to expand additional energy to regulate its body temperature.
40-75lbs = 70-85F
75-150lbs = 60-83F
150-250lbs = 45-80F

42
Q

What does All-in, All-out mean?

A

all pigs enter the facility at the same time, all leave before the next groups is bought in

43
Q

All-in, All-out

A

strict sanitation and biosecurity, increased weight gain (6-10%), decreased days to market (6-10 days), improved feed efficiency (5-7%), follow the rules to remove ALL pigs from the facility

44
Q

Sow Life Cycle

A

Born with 14 others in a litter, weaned at 21 days with 11-13 in the litter, puberty at 5 months, breed at 8 months, gestation for 114 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days), farrow at 1 year, baby wean at 21 days, rebreed 3-5 days after weaning babies, sow longevity is 4 years and 500lbs when mature

45
Q

Market animal life cycle

A

born at 3.5lbs, weaned 21 days and 10-15lbs, nursery at 40lbs, slaughter at 270lbs and 160 days of age

46
Q

Health challenges in pork production

A

disease is a major problem in pork production, large number of pigs in one facility, high farm density, costs the US at least $1.5 billion annually, particularly a concern in nursey pigs, stressful time, off feed

47
Q

Top respiratory pathogens

A

PRRSV, Influenza A, and Streptococcus suis

48
Q

Top intestinal pathogens

A

Rotavirus, E. coli, and Salmonella

49
Q

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

A

systemic viral pathogen, in growing pigs it presents with fever, respiratory distress, lethargy, reduced feed intake, and reduced growth, abortion and reproductive failure in females

50
Q

Foreign animal disease

A

African swine fever, highly contagious, spread through wild pig population, devasting to Chinese pig population, US remain African swine fever free but could cost pork industry up to $50 billion

51
Q

Controlling animal disease - biosecurity

A

keep distance between your pigs and other pigs, isolate, test, and acclimate any incoming breeding stock, don’t bring in infected pigs, control flow of people, pigs, feed, and equipment, shower-in shower-out, truck was, disinfecting equipment

APSC 1454 (16 decks)

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