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APSC 1454 > Companion Animal Industry > Flashcards

Companion Animal Industry Flashcards

1
Q

Companion animals

A

one whose owners has emotional connection with the animal

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2
Q

Importance of companion animal

A

-globally dogs and cats are the most common household animal
-US ranks 5th in pet ownership
-AVMA numbers: 83-88 million dogs and 60-62 million cats
-45% households with dogs, 26% households with cats

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3
Q

History of companion animals

A

-Domestication: selection by people for desired characteristics
-temperament and appearance
-many traits changed: tamer, fatter, cuter
-Neotony: retention of juvenile traits as an adult
-juvenile features: greater compassion

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4
Q

Why did we start keeping animals?

A

Biophilia hypothesis: genetic tendency to appreciate natural world, pats are “nature on demand”
Attachment theory: emotional relationship between caregiver and young, mimicked in pets
Social support theory: humans are social creatures and many of these behaviors and emotions also experienced with pets

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5
Q

Benefits of companion animals

A

reduced stress, focus on nurturing, exercise, decreased loneliness, social interaction, enhancement of self-esteem, lowered blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides

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6
Q

Source of companion animal

A

-differences between where people obtain pets
-Dogs: breeders, friends, shelters
-Cats: shelters, strays, friends
-Top reasons for rehoming: time, behavior, health, size, housing

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7
Q

Adoptions

A

-shelter animals: serval million dogs and cats enter shelters each year
-About 20-25% are euthanized, 50% adopted
-30-40 million feral/stray cats

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8
Q

What are the top three most expensive animals annual?

A

Horses, large dog, medium dog/cat

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9
Q

What are the three most expensive things dog owners spend their money on?

A

Dog walking/daycare, veterinary care, food and treats

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10
Q

Female cat

A

Queen

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11
Q

Male cat

A

Tom

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12
Q

group of cats

A

bevy

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13
Q

whelping

A

act of giving birth (dog)

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14
Q

Sporting dogs

A

-Active and alert
-Hunting, or “gun” dogs
-Pointers, retrievers, setters, spaniels
-Activity level: moderate to high
-water replicant coats

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15
Q

Hound Dogs

A

-used for hunting
-scenting powers
-often independent with high prey drive
-sound known as baying
-activity level: moderate
-scenting powers

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16
Q

Toy dogs

A

-small size
-ideal for cities or small homes
-require less exercise
-less shedding, costs of care
-activity level: low to moderate

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17
Q

Terrier dogs

A

-feisty and energetic
smaller in size
-bred to hunt and kill vermin
-often have wiry coats
-activity level: high

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18
Q

Working dogs

A

-bred to perform jobs: guarding property, pulling sleds, water rescues.
-quick to learn, intelligent
-large and strong
-require good training
-activity level: moderate to high

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19
Q

Herding dog

A

-newest classification
-control movement of other animals
-natural herding instincts
-intelligent, biddable
-activity level: high
-Corgi and German Shepherds

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20
Q

Non-Sporting dogs

A

Variable: size, appearance, personality, activity level

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21
Q

Shelters

A

-care for unwanted pets
-Kill: kills animals once full or after certain time
-No-Kill: Doesn’t kill healthy animals, only for terminally ill or dangerous

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22
Q

Pet Stores

A

-Animals and supplies
-Huge online market for supplies
-6% of sales are actually animals
-state laws regulate sales of animals at pet stores

23
Q

Breeder - Commerical

A

-USDA
-Environment different that homes they end up in

24
Q

Breeder - Puppy/kitten mills

A

unregulated commercial breeder

25
Q

Breeder - Backyard

A

-Accident
-Want dog to have a litter

26
Q

Breeder - Reputable

A

-screen buyers
-breed for health and behavior
-should allow you to view puppy’s environment, parents, shares records
-AKC website has a list of certified breeders

27
Q

Owners

A

-You and I
-67% of households
-Dogs and cats pretty equal

28
Q

Owners - animal jobs

A

-service animals: dogs, miniature horses, protected by ADA, public access
-Emotional Support: no public access, housing rights
-Therapy
-Police/Military
-Search and rescue
-Farm

29
Q

Dog Life Style

A

-Born at 1lb and into a litter with 6 pups
-Weaned at 63 days
-Puberty at 15 months, variable
-Gestation variable size and life span, <20 lbs-11yrs, >90lbs-8yrs

30
Q

Cate Life Cycle

A

-born at 0.2lbs, 4 kitten per litters, typically spring
-Weaned at 4 weeks
-Puberty at 11 months
-Gestation for 63 days
-Mature weight at 8lbs
-Lifespan, outdoor 7 years, indoor 14 years

31
Q

Pet Nutrition

A

-Dogs and cats are carnivore
-chew enough to swallow
-saliva has large amounts of lysozyme (disinfectant)
-short large intestine and nonfunctional cecum
-Cats are obligate carnivores, must include taurine and arachidonic acid in diet, eat prey whole
-many describe pet dogs as omnivores due to the diets we feed them

32
Q

Undertstading pet food labels

A

-Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) guideline
-canned food 75-82% water
-Semi-moist food 25% water
-Dry food 10% water

33
Q

100% rule

A

products made entirely of meat may only contain meat, water, and preservatives.

34
Q

95% rule

A

if product is labeled as beef, it must contain at least 95% beef by weight (not accounting for added water) or 70% beef when including water weight

35
Q

25% rule

A

labels with an ingredient followed by a descriptive label must have at least 25% of that ingredient by weight or 10% when including added water

36
Q

“With” Rule

A

A product with an ingredient must have at least 3% of that ingredient by weight

37
Q

Flavor rule

A

No minimum percentage, there must be detectable flavor in the product

38
Q

complete and balanced

A

has been confirmed by feeding studies to meet minimum requirements for nutrient content

39
Q

For all life stages

A

meets most stringent nutrient requirements across the life expectancy of that species

40
Q

Maintenance ratio

A

adequate for adult, non-reproducing cat or dog

41
Q

Senior or puppy

A

used only for that age group, specific for their nutritional needs

42
Q

Intended for intermittent feeding

A

not a primary food for animals, essentially a treat

43
Q

Pet food labeling trends

A

“Premium,” “gourmet,” “choice,” and “human-grade” have no legal meaning or regulation

44
Q

“all-natural” and “100% natural”

A

-must come from animal, plant or mined sources
-no synthetic ingredients
-ingredients can be processed
-can add synthetic vitamins and mineral with disclaimer

45
Q

Organic products regulated

A

-no genetically modified organisms, synthetic fertilizers
-ingredients must be 95% organic

46
Q

Pet food labeling trends “proven” and “new”

A

“Proven” products-scientific evidence supporting claims made
“New” or “improved” labels-limited to 6 months from the time of development or modification

47
Q

Raw pet food

A

-risks for contamination (Salmonella, E Coli)
-No guarantee of balanced diet
-feeding only raw food could result in deficiency

48
Q

Grain free

A

-must contain no wheat, corn, barley, oats, rye, rice, or soy
-These are important energy sources
-can use potato or pea flour

49
Q

How to pick a pet food

A

-Talk to a veterinarian (Board Certified Veterinary Nutritionist ideal) or PhD nutritionist
-Manufactures should employ/consult with a qualified nutritionist
-Nutrients over ingredients
-make sure it agrees with your pet
-Do not feed dog food to cats

50
Q

How to not pick pet food

A

Do not pick
-based on the packaging
-based on what you would like to eat
-the most expensive food with no other considerations
-a diet incompatible with your pet’s life stage

51
Q

Manufacturer Pet Food

A

-much of this information compiled by Pet Nutrition Alliance
-World Small Animal Veterinary Association

52
Q

Health Concerns - obesity

A

-over 50% of dogs and cats in US overweight or obese
-“fat pet gap”
-linked to arthritis, kidney disease, urinary tract disease, liver disease, diabetes, blood pressure, cancer
-monitor pet weight frequency
-amount and type of food, exercise

53
Q

Heartworm disease

A

-infection caused by Dirofilaria immitis
-Larvae transmitted through mosquitos
-grow into worms in host, blood vessels around heart and lungs, can enter heart
-inflammation of blood vessels and heart
-serve problems when numbers high or worms die

54
Q

Feline leukemia virus

A

-number 1 infectious cause of death-prevalence has decreased
-primarily spread via saliva
-cat may show no signs, or may succumb to secondary disorders (cancer, other infections) depending on infection severity
-virus attacks the immune system

APSC 1454 (16 decks)

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