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APSC 1454 > Beef Cattle Industry > Flashcards

Beef Cattle Industry Flashcards

1
Q

where are most beef cattle located?

A

Central plains, Texas has the greatest inventory

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2
Q

What is the average herd size for cattle?

A

30 cattle

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3
Q

Calf

A

young male or female under one year of age

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4
Q

Heifer

A

female who has not yet given birth

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5
Q

cow

A

female who has given birth

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6
Q

bull

A

uncastrated male

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7
Q

steer

A

castrated male

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8
Q

calving

A

act of giving birth

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9
Q

beef

A

meat from cattle

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10
Q

herd

A

group of cattle

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11
Q

maternal breeds

A

excel at mothering, raising offspring, and producing milk

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12
Q

terminal breeds

A

excels at growth, feed efficiency, and carcass yield

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13
Q

Dual Purpose Breeds

A

have good maternal and terminal characteristics

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14
Q

Angus

A

Black, British, maternal, good carcass quality, most common breed in US

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15
Q

Hereford

A

red body, white face, British, maternal, hardy-live in harsh weather, known for having pink eye

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16
Q

Charolais

A

White, Europe, Terminal

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17
Q

Simmental

A

black or red, Europe, dual-purpose

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18
Q

Braham

A

gray, Indian, heat tolerant, aggressive

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19
Q

Seedstock

A

purebred, provide genetics for commercial producers, registered with breed associations, specialized cow/calf system, high investment in facilities and management

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20
Q

Cow/Calf Operation

A

most beef producers, 6 to 10 months, calve in spring 75% or fall 25%

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21
Q

Assessing Profitability in cow/calf operation

A

calf crop percentage, average calf weight at weaning , annual cow cost

22
Q

Stocker

A

buy weaned calves, raised on pastures, grow slowly, gain weight cheap, sell cattle at 1+ years old, cattle move from this to feedlot

23
Q

Factors to consider

A

price, growth potential, amount and quality of forage, and health status

24
Q

Intensive Housing System

A

High labor and capital, small area of land, indoor, climate controlled, farmer regularly sees animals

25
Q

Extensive Housing System

A

limited labor and capital, animals scattered across large area of land, outdoor, animals harvests own food, animal seen daily or less frequently

26
Q

Where do cattle go to after the stocker?

A

feedlot for finishing

27
Q

What type of housing is a cow/calf place?

A

Pastures and may supplement hay/grain

28
Q

What type of housing is at a stocker?

A

Pastures and wheat fields

29
Q

What is a feedlot?

A

the final stage where they are fed grain to grow fast, put on fat and sent to slaughter. this place buys from feeders and stockers.

30
Q

What are the profit potential for a feedlot?

A

Average daily gain, feed efficiency, and health-death loss

31
Q

What is the housing at a feedlot?

A

open to outdoors, dirt lot with a mound in the center, and central alleyway for feed

32
Q

Where are the major feedlot feeding areas?

A

Texas Panhandle

33
Q

What are the factors influencing value for a feedlot?

A

facilities, cost of cattle, feed costs, yardage-costs of gain that are not feed, and marketing

34
Q

Grain-finished

A

animals spend majority of life on pastures, 4-6 months at feedlot, may have been given antibiotics or growth hormones

35
Q

Grass-finished or grass-fed

A

animals spend entire life eating grass or forage, may be given hormones or antibiotics, may also eat grass, forage, hay or silage at feedlot

36
Q

certified organic

A

never received antibiotics or hormones, ate all fed that was organic, may spend time on feedlot

37
Q

Naturally raised or never ever

A

never given hormones or antibiotics, may be grain or grass finished, may spend time in feedlot

38
Q

When are cattle slaughtered?

A

between 14-18 months and about 1,400-1,800lbs

39
Q

How long is a cattle gestation?

A

283 days or 9 and a half months

40
Q

When do cattle reach puberty?

A

Bulls: 6-10 months
Heifers: 4-14 months
average 10 months

41
Q

How long is a cattle’s estrous cycle?

A

21 days

42
Q

What is the ratio to bull to cow?

A

1:25-1:30 on average

43
Q

What are signs of estrus?

A

mounting other cows, mucus discharge, vulva swelling, increased vocalization, lip curling, chin resting

44
Q

Freemartin

A

A female calf born twin to a bull calf, 90% will be infertile

45
Q

Ruminant

A

4 compartments to stomach which allows for fermentation of forage and bacteria create protein

46
Q

Bloat

A

Can’t release gases from rumen, swelling on left side, fast progression, rumen expands, pressure on diaphragm and lungs

47
Q

Acidosis

A

Abrupt decline in rumen pH, weak, appear anorexic, may have diarrhea and dehydration, cause by shift to high grain diet to fast

48
Q

What is the pH of a rumen?

A

7-8

49
Q

Common disease and viruses in cattle?

A

Bovine viral diarrhea, bovine respiratory disease, brucellosis

50
Q

Ways to prevent external and internal parasites in cattle?

A

insecticides, dewormers, sprays, pour-ons, ear tags, drenches

APSC 1454 (16 decks)

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