Dairy Industry

Question 1

What are the topic dairy states?

Answer 1

California and Wisconsin

Question 2

Veal

Answer 2

Meat from young calves

Question 3

Holstein

Answer 3

> 90% of dairy cattle, black and white, Netherlands, large, most milk produced

Question 4

Jersey

Answer 4

Brown, Jersey Island, best milk fat, small

Question 5

DHIA

Answer 5

Dairy Heard Improvement Association, helps improve genetic, data collection, for milk yield, pregnancy, stillbirth, teat size, udder depth, somatic cell count

Question 6

What determines the milk quality?

Answer 6

fat and protein

Question 7

Housing- Tie Stall

Answer 7

confined to specific stall, stand up and lie down, can’t turn around, bedded

Question 8

Free stall

Answer 8

alley with pens on sides, group cows into pens, cows can move freely between stalls and feed, can select individual stall

Question 9

Pastures

Answer 9

part or all day grazing, may be supplemented, lower milk yield, less manure disposal, brough in 2-3 times a day for milking

Question 10

Milk Parlors - parallel

Answer 10

cows stand parallel to each other, can only get utters from behind

Question 11

Milk Parlors - Herringbone

Answer 11

smaller scale farm, stand next to each other, but stand at 45 degree angle, come up on the side to the utter

Question 12

Milk Parlors - Rotary

Answer 12

larger facilities, rotates like a merry go round, always bringing animals on, automatic stop

Question 13

Milk Parlors - Robotic

Answer 13

cow decides when she wants to get milk, has a tag that lets her in, automatic milker to utter and stops

Question 14

Bull Studs

Answer 14

Find best genetics, collect and freeze semen, farmers inseminate females, not kept on dairy farms, collect 8 times a week and commercial semen $10-15 per straw

Question 15

When are calves removed from their mothers?

Answer 15

4-8 weeks

Question 16

Colostrum

Answer 16

first milk given by female after birthing, high in antibodies, passive immunity

Question 17

Clave housing - Individual

Answer 17

separate pens or hutches, less disease, limited mobility, most common

Question 18

Clave housing - group

Answer 18

older than 14 days, social interaction, greater disease, may have automatic milk feeders

Question 19

Clave housing - Veal

Answer 19

Indoor, climate control, group housing, marked at 500lbs, about 500,000 bull calves per year

Question 20

When is the goal for a heifer to be breed and to calve?

Answer 20

Breed at 15 months
Calve at 24 months

Question 21

Dairy Feedlot

Answer 21

20% of beef produced, less muscle more marbling, bigger and less efficient than beef

Question 22

Dairy life cycle?

Answer 22

born and bottle fed until 1-2 months, puberty at 11 months, breed at 15 months, calve at 24 months, 6 weeks after calving go to transition period, breed at 27 months, calve again at 3 years, lifespan 5 years

Question 23

How many days does a cow lactate for?

Answer 23

305 days then 60 days off

Question 24

How much milk does a cow produce?

Answer 24

25,000lbs per lactation period

Question 25

Transition Cow

Answer 25

Last 3 weeks gestation to 3 weeks postpartum, most stressful event, suppression of immune system-metabolic and health disorders

Question 26

What changes in a transition cows diet?

Answer 26

Increased energy, protein requirements, suppressed dry matter intake (DMI)

Question 27

Feeding lactating cows

Answer 27

combine alfalfa and corn silage, recommended some grain, total mixed ration (TMR)- combination of forage and grain

Question 28

Mastitis

Answer 28

infection of the udder, treatment antibiotics

Question 29

Milk Fever

Answer 29

Low blood calcium, “Downed cow”, affects nervous system, treatment IV calcium gluconate and oral calcium doses

Question 30

Bovine somatotropin

Answer 30

hormone naturally produced by cattle, regulates growth, increase milk production

Question 31

Is rBST safe for us?

Answer 31

BST is species specific-only active in cattle, 90% of BST found in milk destroyed during pasteurization, our digestive system breaks down any BST remaining