Dairy Industry Flashcards
What are the topic dairy states?
California and Wisconsin
Veal
Meat from young calves
Holstein
> 90% of dairy cattle, black and white, Netherlands, large, most milk produced
Jersey
Brown, Jersey Island, best milk fat, small
DHIA
Dairy Heard Improvement Association, helps improve genetic, data collection, for milk yield, pregnancy, stillbirth, teat size, udder depth, somatic cell count
What determines the milk quality?
fat and protein
Housing- Tie Stall
confined to specific stall, stand up and lie down, can’t turn around, bedded
Free stall
alley with pens on sides, group cows into pens, cows can move freely between stalls and feed, can select individual stall
Pastures
part or all day grazing, may be supplemented, lower milk yield, less manure disposal, brough in 2-3 times a day for milking
Milk Parlors - parallel
cows stand parallel to each other, can only get utters from behind
Milk Parlors - Herringbone
smaller scale farm, stand next to each other, but stand at 45 degree angle, come up on the side to the utter
Milk Parlors - Rotary
larger facilities, rotates like a merry go round, always bringing animals on, automatic stop
Milk Parlors - Robotic
cow decides when she wants to get milk, has a tag that lets her in, automatic milker to utter and stops
Bull Studs
Find best genetics, collect and freeze semen, farmers inseminate females, not kept on dairy farms, collect 8 times a week and commercial semen $10-15 per straw
When are calves removed from their mothers?
4-8 weeks
Colostrum
first milk given by female after birthing, high in antibodies, passive immunity
Clave housing - Individual
separate pens or hutches, less disease, limited mobility, most common
Clave housing - group
older than 14 days, social interaction, greater disease, may have automatic milk feeders
Clave housing - Veal
Indoor, climate control, group housing, marked at 500lbs, about 500,000 bull calves per year
When is the goal for a heifer to be breed and to calve?
Breed at 15 months
Calve at 24 months
Dairy Feedlot
20% of beef produced, less muscle more marbling, bigger and less efficient than beef
Dairy life cycle?
born and bottle fed until 1-2 months, puberty at 11 months, breed at 15 months, calve at 24 months, 6 weeks after calving go to transition period, breed at 27 months, calve again at 3 years, lifespan 5 years
How many days does a cow lactate for?
305 days then 60 days off
How much milk does a cow produce?
25,000lbs per lactation period
Transition Cow
Last 3 weeks gestation to 3 weeks postpartum, most stressful event, suppression of immune system-metabolic and health disorders
What changes in a transition cows diet?
Increased energy, protein requirements, suppressed dry matter intake (DMI)
Feeding lactating cows
combine alfalfa and corn silage, recommended some grain, total mixed ration (TMR)- combination of forage and grain
Mastitis
infection of the udder, treatment antibiotics
Milk Fever
Low blood calcium, “Downed cow”, affects nervous system, treatment IV calcium gluconate and oral calcium doses
Bovine somatotropin
hormone naturally produced by cattle, regulates growth, increase milk production
Is rBST safe for us?
BST is species specific-only active in cattle, 90% of BST found in milk destroyed during pasteurization, our digestive system breaks down any BST remaining
