Swine Flashcards
Taxonomy
Order: Artiodactyl
Genus: suis
Species: scrofa
38 chromosomes
Lifespan
15-25 years
Estrous and gestation
E: 18-24 days
G: 110-116
What are newborns given?
100-200 mg Fe dextram within 48 hrs of birth to prevent anemia
Nutrition
Omnivores
Vitamin E and Selenium
Water
Pre-surgical fasting
8-12 hr- stomach and small intestine
48-72 hr- colon
Domestic breeds
American Landrace
Yorkshire
Duroc (chester white, hampshire, berkshire, poland china, spotted swine)
Miniature breeds
Yucatan
Hanford
Gottingen
Sinclair S-1 (Hormel)
Where should swine be sourced?
Purchased from vendor herds brucellosis-free and qualified pseudoraies- negative by the USDA
Vx against erysipelas, lepto, porcine parvo, Bordetella bronchiseptica, P. multocida, E. coli
Why pigs?
Close to human size (miniature pigs)
Similar digestive tract, cardio system, physiology and disease progression (metabolic, infectious diseases)
Long lifespan
Salt poisoning
Excessive salt (NaCl) → salt toxicity, hypernatremia, water deprivation- sodium ion intoxication
Acute oral lethal dose= 2.2 g/kg
Most common predisposing factor of salt poisoning is _________
Water deprivation
Early signs of salt poisoning
↑ thirst, pruritus, constipation
Seizures, jerking head, opisthotonos
Comma then die within 2 days
Vitamin E deficiency causes
Feeds with high polyunsaturated fatty acids, copper, vit. A or mycotoxins
Grains from soil deficient in selenium and SE antagonists
Prevention and treatment of vitamin E and selenium
Injection of Vit. E or selenium
Prevention by supplements
Foot rot (bush foot)
Infection of the claw → swollen and painful around coronary band
Progression → enlarged hoof and inflammation
Adverse effects on reproduction
What does foot rot come from?
Fusiformis bacteria enters the body through sole of foot, split hoof, and cracks
Foot rot treatment
Footbaths/ soaks: zinc or copper sulfate
Oral therapy: zinc sulfate (21 days)
Penicillin and streptomycin combos
Porcine stress syndrome
Mutation in calcium-release channel protein in skeletal m. and sarco reticulum
Stressful induce excessive B-adrenergic receptor stimulation
Porcine Stress Syndrome breeds
Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Petrain, Poland China
Autosomal recessive
CS of Porcine stress syndrome
Dyspnea, blanched and reddened skin, ↑ body temperature , cyanosis
Then muscle rigidity and cardio. collapse
Treatment and prevention for Porcine stress syndrome
Dantrolene
Litters
Multiple per year with reproductive life of 7-8 years
Cardiovascular research
Atherosclerosis
Myocardial infarction
Congential heart disease
Grafts, stents, interventional devices, CPR
GI research
Obesity
Hepatic metabolism
Probiotics and gut phys
Renal research
Hypertension
Transplant and preservation
Reproductive research
Maternal-fetal interactions
Fetal surgery and microsurgical techniques
OB/GYN surgical procedures
Diabetes research
Segmental pancreatic transplants
Pancreatectomy models
Surgical research
Musculoskeletal: bone grafts and implants, temporomandibular joint studies
Integument: plastic surgery , wound healing and skin flaps and grafts
Other important research
Cell and organ transplant
Stroke
AIDS dimentia
Melanoma
Osteoporosis
Adult respiratory distress syndrone
Sinclair S-1 (hormel)- malignant melanoma
85% incidence @ 1
Single or multiple skin area tumors
Spontaneous regression (cytotoxic effects, T cells)
Concerns of swine for xenotransplantation
Acquired zoonoses
Normal flora and environmental contaminants
Viral latency, endogenous retroviruses
How are swine used in xenotransplantation
Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERVs)
Hyperacute rejection (HAR) in endothelium
Tolerogenicity: liver > kidney > heart> lung > skin
Research uses in integumentary
Transdermal absorption
Phototoxicity
Chemical Vesication (blisters)
Contact allergy dermatitis
Research uses in interventional radiology
Patent ductus arteriosus
Atrial septal defect
Occlusion
Angioplasty
Coronary artery catheterization
Catheter oblation techniques
Stent placement
