Fish

Question 1

Fish classifications

Answer 1

Agnatha (Jawless fish)
Chondrichytes (cartilaginous fish)
Osteichthyes (bony fish) **

Question 2

Fishes role in civilization

Answer 2

Food source (aquaculture)
Recreational/ sport
Public exhibition (aquariums)
Pets (ornamental)
Research (animal models)

Question 3

Pet fish

Answer 3

25,000 different fish species
Majority of pet fish are freshwater

Question 4

Water quality

Answer 4

Poor quality most common cause of morbidity and mortality in pet fish and most common stressor
Water quality monitored weekly and reagents replaced yearly

Question 5

API Freshwater master test kit

Answer 5

Measures pH, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate *
Also tests general hardness, carbonate hardness and temperature
Weekly testing

Question 6

LaMotte freshwater testing kit

Answer 6

Tests nitrite, nitrate, pH, alkalinity, GH, O2, chloride and CO2
High use in aquaculture and highly accurate

Question 7

LaMotte Spin Touch

Answer 7

High cost
No human error, pre-calibrated, highly accurate
Ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH, alkalinity, H and phosphate `

Question 8

Dissolved O2

Answer 8

↑ in water temp.
Salinity ↓ oxygen-carrying capacity
Drops during night
Ideal range > 6 mg/L

Question 9

What is the only safe level of ammonia?

Answer 9

0 mg/L

Question 10

Physical Injury

Answer 10

Damaged fins, missing scales, abrasions/hemorrhage, eye damage

Question 11

Gas bubble disease

Answer 11

Non-infectious, environmentally/ physically induced trauma
Caused by ↑ in dissolved gas pressure above air pressure

Question 12

Swim bladder disease

Answer 12

Flip over common in aquarium fish (goldfish)
Floats nose down tail up, float to top or swim to bottom
From parasites or constipation of high nitrate levels from over feeding

Question 13

Itch/ White Spot Disease (Iscthyophthirius)

Answer 13

Protozoan
Skin and fins covered in white spots, rapid gill movements
Most common disease in aquarium fish

Question 14

Life Cycle of Ichtyophthirius multifiliis

Answer 14

1. Burst of tomont and release of infectious theronts (tomites)
2. Trophonts feeding in fish skin
3. throphont leave fish and develops in tomont
4. Each tomont produces several thousand theronts

Question 15

Gill flukes (Dactylogyrus) and skin flukes (Gyrodactylus)

Answer 15

Caused by monogenean trematode via direct contact
Attach to body and eats skin tissue and blood

Question 16

Skin/ gill fluke CS

Answer 16

Gills moves rapidly and gasp at water surface
Scrapes itself against objects
Colors fade in mucus covered areas
Skin red

Question 17

Treatment for gill fluke

Answer 17

Formalin based medicine
Praziquantal
Salt baths

Question 18

Hole in the head (hexamitiasis) / Lateral Line Erosion

Answer 18

Disease of freshwater fish
Caused by Hexamita parasite (intestinal tract), mineral/ vit. imbalance

Question 19

Bacterial diseases

Answer 19

Aeromonas, Pseudomonoas (fin rot), Flavobacterium columnare (mouth fungus- cotton mouth)
From infected fish or bad water conditions

Question 20

Symptoms of fish bacterial diseases

Answer 20

Damaged/ split ragged fins
Cotton wool like tufts around mouth
Loss of appetite/ listlessness
Ulcers

Question 21

Mycobacterium

Answer 21

M. Marium - fish pseudotuerculosis
Pleomorphic, gram +, acid fact, aerobic, non motile, rod shaped
Most common in zebrafish

Question 22

CS of mycobacterium

Answer 22

Lethargy, ↓fecundity, emaciation, scale ulceration, fin erosion, edema, coelomic distension

Question 23

Fish Handler’s Disease

Answer 23

Zoonotic potential → aquarium granuloma
Local and self-limiting

Question 24

Saprolegnia (aquatic fungi)

Answer 24

Damaged mucus membranes
Grey white/ brown cotton wool growths
Malachite green and salt bath tx

Question 25

“Pinecone” Syndrome

Answer 25

Dropsy- abdominal ascites/ cutaneous edema
From infection or neoplasia
Tissue damage in skin, gills, heart,
Kidney= failure of osmoregulation and development of edema