Non-human primates Flashcards by Trenni Jefferson

New World Monkey

Order: Platyrrhini
Squirrel monkey- Simir spp. common or tufted marsomset
Capuchin- Cebus spp.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Old World Monkeys

Order: Cararrhini
Macaques

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Great Apes

Chimpanzees

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of Platyrrhine primates

Prehensile or pseudohensile tail (travel using tail)
Require Vit. C and D3
All have estrous cycles, arboreal, diurnal except Aotus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of Catarrhine primates

Cheek pouches or ischial callosities
Vit D2 in diet, and Vit. C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Marmosets and Tamarins (Callitrichidae)

Diurnal: 1/5 of their day used for traveling, 1/3 used for foraging
Omnivorous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Callitrichidae reproduction

Common marmoset groups contain only 1 breeding pair
High frequency of twinning (>80%)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Callitrichidae temp

Tamarins stressed @ temps below 32 degrees celcius (89)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Callitrichidae sleeping

Flat surface for sleeping
Items for scent marking sanitized on a alternate schedule
Multiple feed stations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Simiri Spp. (squirrel monkey)

Seen as pets in private practice
Circulating levels of free or unbound cortisol (10x human)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Squirrel monkey reproduction

Sexual maturity @ 2.5-3 years
Males 25-30% heavier than females
Seasonal enlargement of tests
Undergo “fatting”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Squirrel monkey dietary considerations

High caloric diet
Ad libitum feed
Vit. D3, C and folic acid
Infants inefficient in protein utilization
Develops atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macaca Mulatta (Rhesus monkeys)

Most common in biomed research
Lifespan: 29 years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rhesus macaque dietary considerations

Mainly frugivorous
Daily ration 2-4% of body weight (adult)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Baboon dietary considerations

Require exogenous source of Vit. C and D

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pan spp. (Chimpanzee)

Pan troglodytes- common chimp
No longer used in biomed research

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Goals of quarantine

Protect animals in existing colony from introduction of infectious disease
Protect personnel from zoonotic diseases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Quarantine facilties

Separate from conditioned colony
Designated area for treatment Restrict access to authorized personnel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Duration of quarantine

30-90 days

Self Injurious behavior (SIB)

Deliberate destruction of body tissues
5-12% of individually housed rhesus reported
Spontaneous

Wasting marmoset syndrome

Primary nutritional Vit. E deficiency and protein deficiency

SIB treament

Social housing, enrichment, psychotherapeutic

Wound management

Fight wounds most common
Rhabdomyolysis occurs secondary to crush injuries

SIB clinical signs

Bites/ scratches to skin and muscle and alopecia

Klebsiellosis pneumoniae

CS: depression, anorexia, lethargy, coughing, nasal discharge, facial edema, dyspnea, pneumonia and enteritis Treated with antibiotics

Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid-fast bacilli) Transmitted by ingestion, direct contact, contaminated equipment

Streptococcosis pneumoniae

Most common and devastating pneumonia CS: neurologic, GI, respiratory Treated by supportive care

Clinical signs and diagnosis of tuberculosis

CS: lymphadenopathy with draining fistula, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly Diagnosed with skin testing, quantiferon blood test or radiographs

Meloidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei)

CS: Abscesses, draining LN, pneumonia, endocarditis, pericarditis, osteomyelitis, neurologic deficits

Meloidosis public health

Opportunist pathogen Endemic in soil/ environment Transmission via aerosol, ingestion, cutaenous isolation 80% fatal in humans when not treated

Tetanus (clostridium tetani)

Common in wild, free ranging or outdoor houses primates CS: stiff-gait toppling, lockjaw

Leptospirosis (leptospira icterohemorrhagiae)

CS: Tongue ulcerations Treated with chloramphenicol, tetracycline and vx ZOONOTIC

Hansen disease (Leprocy)

Mycobacterium Leprae CS: multiple eroded nodularskin, lesions of face and ears Zoonotic

Shigellosis (shigella flexneri)

Most common enteric pathogen in captive NHP CS: diarrhea, hunched posture, fever, depression, lethargy, emaciation, tenesmus, rectal prolapse, gingivitis and abortion ZOONOTIC

Treatment of shigellosis

Vigorous fluid therapy Antibiotics based on sensitivity

Salmonellosis

CS: Diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, death, foul smelling diarrhea Treated with IV fluids and antibiotics Zoonotic

Campylobacteriosis

Camoybacteri jejuni CS: anorexia, watery diarrhea, rectal prolapse Zoonotic and exposed via contaminated food and water

Herpesvirus simiae (Monkey B virus)

Macaques are reservoir- ulcers on lips and tongue Fatal in aberrant hosts (humans, patas and colobus monkeys) CS: Fever, depression, weakness, vesicles and ulcers on eyelids, lips and tongue

Measles (paramyoxivirus morbillivirus)

All primates susceptible and high contagious CS: koplik's spots on gingiva and tongue, maculopapular rash over ventral body Reverse zoonotic potential

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)

Arenavirus, rapidly progressive viral hepatitis in callitrichids

Treatment of LCMV

Correct hypovolemia and electrolyte disturbances ZOONOTIC

MONKEYPOX (ORTHOPOX)

Transmitted by fomites, resp. secretions, direct contact with lesions CS: abdominal pain, bloating lymphadenopathy, maculopustular rash, conjunctivitis, labored breathing, anorexia, fever

Monkeypox public health

ZOONOTIC Vaccina vx every 3 years New regulations for rodent import

Pneumocytosis

Penumocytosis carinii Debilitation due to recent importation, bacteria infection, neoplasia or immunodeficiency

Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis)

Soil saprophyte inhabiting semiarid areas in parts of SW US, Mexico and central and south america CS: nasal discharge, cough, dyspnea with resp. infection Treat with posaconazole therapy