Non-human primates Flashcards
New World Monkey
Order: Platyrrhini
Squirrel monkey- Simir spp. common or tufted marsomset
Capuchin- Cebus spp.
Old World Monkeys
Order: Cararrhini
Macaques
Great Apes
Chimpanzees
Characteristics of Platyrrhine primates
Prehensile or pseudohensile tail (travel using tail)
Require Vit. C and D3
All have estrous cycles, arboreal, diurnal except Aotus
Characteristics of Catarrhine primates
Cheek pouches or ischial callosities
Vit D2 in diet, and Vit. C
Marmosets and Tamarins (Callitrichidae)
Diurnal: 1/5 of their day used for traveling, 1/3 used for foraging
Omnivorous
Callitrichidae reproduction
Common marmoset groups contain only 1 breeding pair
High frequency of twinning (>80%)
Callitrichidae temp
Tamarins stressed @ temps below 32 degrees celcius (89)
Callitrichidae sleeping
Flat surface for sleeping
Items for scent marking sanitized on a alternate schedule
Multiple feed stations
Simiri Spp. (squirrel monkey)
Seen as pets in private practice
Circulating levels of free or unbound cortisol (10x human)
Squirrel monkey reproduction
Sexual maturity @ 2.5-3 years
Males 25-30% heavier than females
Seasonal enlargement of tests
Undergo “fatting”
Squirrel monkey dietary considerations
High caloric diet
Ad libitum feed
Vit. D3, C and folic acid
Infants inefficient in protein utilization
Develops atherosclerosis
Macaca Mulatta (Rhesus monkeys)
Most common in biomed research
Lifespan: 29 years
Rhesus macaque dietary considerations
Mainly frugivorous
Daily ration 2-4% of body weight (adult)
Baboon dietary considerations
Require exogenous source of Vit. C and D
Pan spp. (Chimpanzee)
Pan troglodytes- common chimp
No longer used in biomed research
Goals of quarantine
Protect animals in existing colony from introduction of infectious disease
Protect personnel from zoonotic diseases
Quarantine facilties
Separate from conditioned colony
Designated area for treatment Restrict access to authorized personnel
Duration of quarantine
30-90 days
Self Injurious behavior (SIB)
Deliberate destruction of body tissues
5-12% of individually housed rhesus reported
Spontaneous
Wasting marmoset syndrome
Primary nutritional Vit. E deficiency and protein deficiency
SIB treament
Social housing, enrichment, psychotherapeutic
Wound management
Fight wounds most common
Rhabdomyolysis occurs secondary to crush injuries
SIB clinical signs
Bites/ scratches to skin and muscle and alopecia
Klebsiellosis pneumoniae
CS: depression, anorexia, lethargy, coughing, nasal discharge, facial edema, dyspnea, pneumonia and enteritis
Treated with antibiotics
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid-fast bacilli)
Transmitted by ingestion, direct contact, contaminated equipment
Streptococcosis pneumoniae
Most common and devastating pneumonia
CS: neurologic, GI, respiratory
Treated by supportive care
Clinical signs and diagnosis of tuberculosis
CS: lymphadenopathy with draining fistula, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
Diagnosed with skin testing, quantiferon blood test or radiographs
Meloidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei)
CS: Abscesses, draining LN, pneumonia, endocarditis, pericarditis, osteomyelitis, neurologic deficits
Meloidosis public health
Opportunist pathogen
Endemic in soil/ environment
Transmission via aerosol, ingestion, cutaenous isolation
80% fatal in humans when not treated
Tetanus (clostridium tetani)
Common in wild, free ranging or outdoor houses primates
CS: stiff-gait toppling, lockjaw
Leptospirosis (leptospira icterohemorrhagiae)
CS: Tongue ulcerations
Treated with chloramphenicol, tetracycline and vx
ZOONOTIC
Hansen disease (Leprocy)
Mycobacterium Leprae
CS: multiple eroded nodularskin, lesions of face and ears
Zoonotic
Shigellosis (shigella flexneri)
Most common enteric pathogen in captive NHP
CS: diarrhea, hunched posture, fever, depression, lethargy, emaciation, tenesmus, rectal prolapse, gingivitis and abortion
ZOONOTIC
Treatment of shigellosis
Vigorous fluid therapy
Antibiotics based on sensitivity
Salmonellosis
CS: Diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, death, foul smelling diarrhea
Treated with IV fluids and antibiotics
Zoonotic
Campylobacteriosis
Camoybacteri jejuni
CS: anorexia, watery diarrhea, rectal prolapse
Zoonotic and exposed via contaminated food and water
Herpesvirus simiae (Monkey B virus)
Macaques are reservoir- ulcers on lips and tongue
Fatal in aberrant hosts (humans, patas and colobus monkeys)
CS: Fever, depression, weakness, vesicles and ulcers on eyelids, lips and tongue
Measles (paramyoxivirus morbillivirus)
All primates susceptible and high contagious
CS: koplik’s spots on gingiva and tongue, maculopapular rash over ventral body
Reverse zoonotic potential
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
Arenavirus, rapidly progressive viral hepatitis in callitrichids
Treatment of LCMV
Correct hypovolemia and electrolyte disturbances
ZOONOTIC
MONKEYPOX (ORTHOPOX)
Transmitted by fomites, resp. secretions, direct contact with lesions
CS: abdominal pain, bloating lymphadenopathy, maculopustular rash, conjunctivitis, labored breathing, anorexia, fever
Monkeypox public health
ZOONOTIC
Vaccina vx every 3 years
New regulations for rodent import
Pneumocytosis
Penumocytosis carinii
Debilitation due to recent importation, bacteria infection, neoplasia or immunodeficiency
Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis)
Soil saprophyte inhabiting semiarid areas in parts of SW US, Mexico and central and south america
CS: nasal discharge, cough, dyspnea with resp. infection
Treat with posaconazole therapy
