Guinea Pigs! Flashcards by Trenni Jefferson

IAF hairless stock

Albino background
Immunocompetent

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Lifespan

3-4 years

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Heart rate

230-380 beats/ min

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Foa-Kurloff cell

Estradiol dependent mononuclear leukocyte
NK cytotoxic activity in vitro
Found in thymus, spleen, liver, lung and placenta

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GI system

Monogastric
Large cecum that holds up 65% of GI content
20 hour GI transit time

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Vagina

Bred @ 5-13 weeks or 300-500 grams
1st breeding prior to 6 months of age
Doesn’t have over 5 pups
Doesn’t have pups after 6 months due to pelvic fusion (dystocia)

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Gestation

59-72 days

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What vitamin do they require

Vitamin C

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Blood collection

Difficult
Small volume samples
Taken from nail bed. lateral saphenous vein* or digital veins

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Bordetella bronchiseptica

Gram-neg rod
Respiratory tract of mice, dogs, cars, rabbits, swine, NPH’s
Transmitted via aerosol, fomites and genital contact
WORST

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CS for bordetella

Subclinical, inappetence, upper resp. tract discharge, dyspnea, cyanosis
Genital form: infertility, stillbirths, death

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Which animals should you avoid housing GP’s with?

Rabbits because they can transmit bordetella

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Diagnosis and pathology of bordetella

D: aerobic culture of bronchial or tracheal swab
P: carnioventral bronchopneumonia, marked infiltration with hertophils and mononuclear cells

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Treatment of Bordetella

Supportive care (fluids, force feeding)
Vitamin C supplementation
Antibiotics (fluoroquinolone, TMS)

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Streptococcus equi subsq. zooeidemicus

Gram-pos and produces exotoxins
Trasmitted through abrasions

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Clinical signs of streptoccus equi subsq. zooeidemicus

Cervical lymphadentitis or “lumps”
Torticollis
Nasal/ocular discharge
Dyspnea, cyanosis, abortions, stillbirths

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Pathology of streptococcus equi subsq. zooeidemicus

Abscessed, encapsulated cervical LN
Generalized lymphadenitis
Retro orbital abscessation, etc.

Treatment for streptococcus equi subsq. zooeidemicus

Surgical removal of the abscess
Antibiotics: fluoroquinolones, TMS, gentamicin, chloramphenicol

Prevention for streptococcus equi subsq. zooeidemicus

Nonabrasive feed
Trimming overgrown or broken teeth

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Deadly, gram-neg
Transmitted via aerosol, direct contact, infected repro tract during parturition

Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Culture of nasal flush/passages
Direct smears and culture of inflammatory exudate

Clinical signs of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Asymptomatic carriers, high mortality, upper resp. signs

Streptococcus pneumoniae treatment

Chloramphenicol
Trimethoprim-sufa
Tetracycline

Clostridium difficile (Antibiotic-Associated Typhlitis)

Gram-pos., spore-forming, enterotoxin (toxin A) and cytotoxin (toxin B)
Transmitted via antibiotic administration (penicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, clindamycin, etc)

Pathology of Clostridium difficile

Gas-filled and distended cecum with mucosal hemorrhage Hyperplasia of ileal mucosa Ulceration of cecal epithelium

Treatment of Clostridium difficile

Symptomatically Metronidazole Yogurt or other Lactobacillus-containing products

Guinea Pig Adenovirus

Enveloped DNA virus Adenoviridae Respiratory transmission Diagnosed by Serology, PCR Treated with rederivation

Pathology of Guinea Pig Adenovirus

Demarcated areas of cranioventral pulmonary consolidation Necrotizing bronchitis Basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies

Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus

Herpesviridae Transmitted via saliva exposure and transplacental

Diagnosis and pathology of Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus

D: histopathologic lesions P: Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in salivary glands and renal tubules

Lymohocytic Choriomenngitis (rare)

RNA virus and zoonotic Arenaviridae Transmitted via saliva exposre and transplacental

Pathology of Lymohocytic Choriomenngitis

Lymphocytic infiltrates (brain, liver, adrenal glands, lungs)

Dermatophytosis

Trichophyton metagrophytes (most common) Zoonotic and transmited via direct contact

Clinical signs of Dermatophytosis

Alopecia, scale, crust, ulceration on nose/ muzzle or trunk and limbs Pustules (secondary infections)

Treatment of Dermatophytosis

Miconazole, fluconazole, griseofulvin

Lice

Gliricola spp. G. ovalis (oval louse) and G. porcelli (slender mouse)*

Dystocia

Preexisting pregnancy toxemia Large fetuses > 100 g Failed pubic symphysis separation

Pregnancy Toxemia

Preeclampsia/ circulatory form and fasting ketosis/ metabolic-nutritional form Supportive care (fluids, calcium, gluconate, corticosteroids)

Preeclampsia/ circulatory form of pregnancy toxemia

Ischemia of the uteroplacental unti during late pregnancy and immediately postpartum Dehydration, anorexic, acute death

Fasting ketosis/ metabolic-nutritional form of pregnancy toxemia

Hypoglycemia and hyperlipidemia in last 1-2 weeks of pregnancy Death following 1-3 day fast

Hypovitaminosis C "Scurvy"

Deficiency of L-gulonolactone oxidase (green veggies prevent, vit. C in water) Clinical signs are weight loss, reluctant to move, swollen joints

Ulcerative pododermatitis "Bumble Foot"

Staphylococcus aureus Treated with antibiotics, surgical debridement, chlorhexidine foot soaks and analgesia