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Animal Science > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

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1
Q

Purpose of swine

A

meat

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2
Q

Fossil records of hogs trace back to

A

40 million years ago

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3
Q

How many pigs came with Christopher Columbus

A

8 pigs

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4
Q

Hernando de Soto‐ brought 15 pigs to

A

Tampa Bay, Florida

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5
Q

Sir Walter Raleigh brought sows to

A

Jamestown

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6
Q

Major pork producing state in mid 1600

A

Pennsylvania

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7
Q

After the Revolution war the swine production moved to the

A

west

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8
Q

Cincinnati became know as

A

Porkopolis

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9
Q

Pork Barrel

A

pork used to be cut and stored in barrels

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10
Q

Earmark

A

type of identification

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11
Q

Wall Street

A

market trading

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12
Q

“living high in the hog”

A

doing well in life; making money

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13
Q

Countries with the highest swine production

A
  1. China
  2. U.S
  3. Germany
  4. Spain
  5. Brazil
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14
Q

Top states of swine production

A
  1. Iowa
  2. North Carolina
  3. Minnesota
  4. Illinois
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15
Q

Why was there a drop in the number of farms during early 90s?

A

The cost of the products was relatively cheap meaning the farms were not making a profit and therefore went out of business. Only those with sufficient money were able to sustain themselves during that period.

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16
Q

Barrow

A

castrated male

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17
Q

Gilt

A

female that has not farrowed

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18
Q

Saw

A

female that has farrowed

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19
Q

Boar

A

mature male

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20
Q

Stag

A

lat castrated male

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21
Q

Rearrange from start to finish

Farrowing, Finishing, Breeding-gestation, Nursery

A
  1. Breeding-gestation
  2. Farrowing
  3. Nursery
  4. Finish
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22
Q

Purpose of gestation

A

Get saw pregnant

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23
Q

What are reasons to have individual/separated crates

A
  • Saws tend to fight to establish pecking order

- Poor feed management

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24
Q

Why are we heading towards Modern gestation housing

A

More spacious allowing sows to freely walk around while having individual feed area and place to rest/lay down

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25
Q

Sow age of puberty

A

4-7 months

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26
Q

Sow estrus cycle length

A

21 days

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27
Q

Sow duration of estrus

A

2-3 days

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28
Q

Sow occurrence of ovulation

A

2nd day of estrus

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29
Q

Sow gestation length

A

114 days

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30
Q

Sow 1st estrus postpartum

A

3-5 days post-weaning

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31
Q

Estrus Detection

A
  • expose the sow/gilt to boar
  • press her back (if she stays stills she is likely to be in estrus)
  • vocalization
  • ear gestures
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32
Q

Lordosis

A

receptive to being bred

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33
Q

What are the type of mating system in swine

A
  • hand mating
  • pen mating
  • Al (artificial insemination)
34
Q

Pros and Cons of hand mating

A

Pros: knows breeding date
Cons: Expensive, less safe

35
Q

Pros and Cons of Pen mating

A

Pros: Safe, Less expensive
Cons: Not knowing the breeding date

36
Q

Pros and Cons of Al

A

Pros: Safe, less expensive than Hand mating and Pen mating, knows breeding date
Cons: if there is not enough semen the sow is less likely to wean 12 piglets

37
Q

What method of mating is most common used in the swine industry

A

Al

38
Q

How often is semen collected from Boars?

A

twice a week

39
Q

Pre-sperm is

A

discarded

40
Q

Gelatinous plug

A

filtered away

41
Q

Goal is to have enough sperm to inseminate

A

10‐15 females

42
Q

Al is used by

A

all producers

43
Q

T/F Board semen is usually frozen

A

False

44
Q

Why is frozen semen not as common/used in the swine industry

A

Pig semen does not freeze well

45
Q

T/F Al is not needed you have boars on sight

A

False.

46
Q

Piglets are weaned

A

17-27 days

47
Q

T/F Momma saw does not mind being as warm as the piglets

A

False

48
Q

What is done to piglets during the first 3 days

A

Ear notching
Iron shut
Tail docking
Clip needle teeth

49
Q

What is done to piglets in the 7th day

A

Castration

50
Q

T/F Is legal to use gestation grates in Florida

A

False

51
Q

Improvest

A

vaccine against GNRH

52
Q

Problems with Improvest

A
  • Males still have their testis

- Trust issues among the operations

53
Q

T/F Nursing is the most stressful transition for piglets

A

True

54
Q

What are some stressors during the nursing period

A

Environmental
Nutrition
Social

55
Q

How long do piglets stay in the nursery section

A

6 weeks

56
Q

How much do piglets weight when they leave the nursery

A

50-60 Ib

57
Q

How long do pigs stay in the Grow-finish area

A

16-18 weeks

58
Q

How much do pigs weight Hereford processed

A

270-280 Ib

59
Q

Soy has a component called soy-phytate which is found inside phosphorus. What do producers do in order for the pigs to absorb the phosphorus.

A

They supplement the pig Phytase which is an enzyme that breaks soy-phytate

60
Q

Why has the modern segmented production in the swine industry changed into three sites (site 1 breeding gestation and farrowing, site 2 nursery, and site 3 finishing)

A

First reason is biosecurity. They have to make sure there aren’t any sort of disease being transferred from site to site. Another reason is to enhance the working process meaning workers can only focus on their individual site as opposed to running from site to site.

61
Q

What does intensive management refer to the swine industry

A

Produce more pigs with less labour and resources. Better control of waste and disease.

62
Q

What are the two types of breed of swines

A

Maternal and Paternal

63
Q

Maternal breeds refers to

A

attributes of the sow

64
Q

Paternal breed refers to

A

growth performance and carcass traits

65
Q

small floppy ears

A

Large White

66
Q

big floppy ears

A

Landrace

67
Q

erect ears

A

York Shire

68
Q

best identified for its red color

A

Duroc

69
Q

recognized for its white belt

A

Hampshire

70
Q

Covered with a large white spot

A

Spot

71
Q

six white points and floppy ears

A

Poland China

72
Q

six white points and erect ears

A

Berkshire

73
Q

Farm purchases all breeding stock and

Integrators have large herds that produce their own females

A

Hybrid Swine Lines

74
Q

Potential Selection Criteria for Hybrid Swine Line

A

Individual and parental performance records

75
Q

MLI (maternal line index)

A

combines growth and maternal traits

76
Q

SPI (sow productivity index)

A

combines number of piglets born and 21-day litter weight

77
Q

TSI (terminal sire index)

A

combines Days to 270 Ib and backfat

78
Q

Niche Markets demand for

A

superior product quality

79
Q

What are the primal cuts of a pig

A 
Bosten butt
Loin
Ham
Belly
Picnic shoulder
80
Q

What hormone causes the pork meat to smell and taste bad

A

boar taint

81
Q

What do boars ejaculate

A

Pre-sperm
Sperm-rich
Gelatinous plug

Animal Science (13 decks)

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