Equine Industry Flashcards
T/F Horses are livestock species
True
One or more domesticated animal raised in a agricultural setting to produce commodities
USDA definition of livestock
Animals raised in a farm setting used in a commercial enterprise
general definition of livestock
Pre-History is “educated guess” mostly from ____________
dental remains
Horse comes from the Anglo-Saxon word _____meaning __________
hos, swiftness
Genus of horse
Equus
Scientific name of horse
Equus caballus
Scientific name of Donkey
Equus asinus
50 million years ago, horse became extinct everywhere except
Africa and Asia
Horses are large prey animal, optimized with straight ______________ with _________
forward speed, endurance
Equus are the only _________ animals in the world
single-toed
Horses have long limbs for ________
laverage
Horses have muscles on top of the leg for maximum motion with minimum ______
flexion
Horse perceives and responds to the world differently from humans and this affects
temperament and trainability
Every ______ is designed to detect impending danger and _____ before “attack”.
sense, flee
T/F Horse are able to dodge, bend, turn, stop and leap as well as predators
False
Horses are masters in storing energy by:
- Have reduced number of _______________ in the lower limb; and have __________ column per limb
- Increase _______________ in the upper limb
- Joints flex in __________ plane (front and back)
- Folding of the limbs in flight is _______
bones and muscles, single bone
bone size and muscling
only one
passive
Horses were first used for
food (meat)
Domestication of horses occurred approximately _________ years ago
4000-6000
Horses impacted (6)
- War
- Social Economics
- Industry
- Agriculture
- Transportation
- Culture
Who invented the saddle and bridle
Scythians
Horses were reintroduced in North America by
Spanish Conquistadors
It’s believed that ____________ traded and dispersed horses throughout North America
Native Indians
Aside from food, horses were used for
work and recreation
T/F 100 yrs. ago, muscles provided 94% of the world’s energy needs. Coal, oil, and waterpower made up the other 6%. Today is the exact same.
False, today is the exact opposite
Horse power =
200Ib lifted 100ft/min
Who was the first winner of the Kentucky Derby “ Run for the Roses”
Aristides
What is the horse population worldwide
60 million
The U.S places ____ in the world with ____ horses
1st, 7.2 million
Why did the number of horses decreased
Economy
Combustion Engine
Increased mechanized military
Urbanization
Estimate cost of owning a horse on a yearly basis
$6,800
Horse industry total contribution to the U.S economy
122 billion
Horse industry direct contribution to GDP
50 billion
Horse industry total employment impact
1,744,747
Horse industry total economic impact
215 billion
Top three states with most horses in the U.S
- Texas
- California
- Florida
Order of most contributor in the horse industry related to economic impact
Racing
Competition
Recreation
Work
1 breed in terms of registration number
Quarter
2 in terms of registration number
Thoroughbred
T/F The horse industry has a greater economic impact on Florida’s economy than any other livestock industry
True
practice of buying a horse with specific intention of re-selling for a profit, < 1 yr turnaround
Pinhooking
Horse capital of the world, in Ocala, wins for having most
thoroughbred
Famous Florida Horses:
Triple Crown winner - ________
Kentucky Derby winner - __________
3 time AQHA world champion - _________
Affirmed
Silver Charm
Rugged Lark
Horse Industry Issues (6)
- Unwanted horses
- Waste management
- Disease outbreak
- Racing
- Owners with little/no experience
- High cost of ownership
Name four careers in the horse industry aside from veterinarian
- Rodeo
- Breeding and Management
- Horse competition
- Nutritionist
mature intact male
Stallion
mature female
Mare
castrated male
Gelding
colt or filly before weaning
Foal
immature female (under 3 yrs.)
Filly
immature male (under 3 yrs.)
Colt
still nursing foal
Suckling
colt or filly weaned from dam
Weanling
colt or filly betw. 1 and 2 yrs. old
Yearling
spring of yearling year
Short Yearling
fall of yearling year
Long Yearling
Light breed measure ______ hands
14-16
Large breeds measure _____ hands
15-17
Draft breeds measure _____ hands
16-18
Ponies must measure under ____ hands
14.2
Miniature cannot be taller than ____ inches
38
Calculating weight in horses
(heart girth x heart girth x length / 300) + 30
Horse are ____________ herbivores
non-ruminant
Horse have _________ fermentation
Hind-gut
Horses graze ________ of their day
50-80%
Horse must ______ to salivate
chew
Horse have _____ stomach capacity
small
Horses cannot
regurgitate
Horses should be feed _____ in DM of their body weight
1.5-3%
Normal body temperature in horses
100F
Normal mature heart rate
28-40 bpm
Heart rate of new born foals
80-120 bpm
To determine pulse of a horse, press your fingers against
an artery
Normal respiration rate in horses
8-16 bpm
T/F The respiration rate of a horse should exceed the heart rate
False
T/F Gut sounds are caused by contraction/relaxation of digestive tract during digestion
True
T/F Absence of gut sounds is normal in horse
False
Mucosal Color should be
moist and pink
How to determine capillary refill time
Press thumb on gum and release. It takes 2 s for blood and normal color to return
Horses are _________ breeders
seasonal
Horses have a _____ gestation period
340
T/F Repro Technology embraced by all breeds including the Jockey Club
False
The Jockey Club requires that all their horses are bred through
natural service
“no _____, no horse”
foot
bruise in the angle of the bars and hoof wall caused by conformation
corn
Disease of the frog
Thrush
infection of sensitive tissues
abscesses
Recognized breeds
association with stud book
Distinct and unique Colonial Spanish breed. Voted the state’s official heritage horse, May 2, 2008
Florida Cracker
