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Sommelier > Sweet Wines > Flashcards

Sweet Wines Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Fortified Wine

A

Sherry (Spain)
Port (Portugal)
Madeira (Portugal)
Marsala (Sicily, Italy) - cooking wine

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2
Q

Sherry

A 
Spain
Fortified Wine (15.5-18% alcohol)

Most important grapes:

  1. Palomino
  2. Pedro Ximénez
  3. Moscatel

Light & Dry - to - Full & Sweet:

  1. Fino
  2. Manzanilla
  3. Amontillado
  4. Oloroso
  5. Cream
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3
Q

Port

A 
Portugal
Fortified wine (16.5-22% alcohol)

Most Port is sweet and red, but white Port is made in sweet and dry styles

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4
Q

Madeira

A

Portugal
Fortified wine (16.5-22% alcohol)
Pale, light & dry to dark, full & sweet
Most important grapes: Secial, Verdelho, Bual, Malmsey

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5
Q

Botrytized Wine

A

Tokaji (Hungary)

Sauternes (France)

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6
Q

Which technique can be used to concentrate sugars in grapes in the vineyard for sweet wine production?

A
  1. Harvesting late
  2. Botrytis
  3. Drying grapes
  4. Freezing grapes
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7
Q

What is the main grape variety used to make Tokaji Aszú?

A

Furmint

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8
Q

Tokaji Aszú is a famous sweet wine from which country?

A

Hungary

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9
Q

Bonnezeaux is a famous botrytis-affected sweet sine from which wine region?

A

Loire Valley, France

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10
Q

Recioto is an Italian word referring to which type of wine?

A

Dried grapes

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11
Q

What two countries are famous for ice wine production?

A

Germany and Canada

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12
Q

What is fortified wine?

A

Wine which has a distilled spirit added to increase its alcohol content — fortifying it

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13
Q

Why is wine fortified?

A

Helps preserve the wine

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14
Q

How is wine fortified?

A

— Neutral grape brandy is added to wine

— increases alcohol strength to 15-22%

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15
Q

Fortified BEFORE fermentation

A

— prevents yeast action
— fortified grape juice / must
— *mistelle
— this fortification does not happen often

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16
Q

Fortified DURING fermentation

A

— stops yeast action
— retains residual sugar
— see this with Port

17
Q

Fortified AFTER fermentation

A

— boosts alcohol

— produces a dry wine

18
Q

Classic examples for fortified wine

A
  1. Sherry
  2. Madeira
  3. Port
  4. Vins Doux Naturels
19
Q

Sherry

A

— fortified wine

Location:
— Southwest Spain
— Atlantic Coast
— Near Northern tip of Africa

Climate:
— Hot Maritime
— Marine Influence
— Windy!

Soil:
— Albriza: limestone rich in calcium carbonate making it look a chalky white. Primary soil type for Sherry
— Barros: Clay
— Arenas: Sand

Grapes:
— Palomino: major white grape for all quality styles of Sherry, 95% of all plantings
— Pedro Ximénez & Moscatel: for blending and adds sweetness and color

Vinification:
— make base wine
— depending on the fortification

1) fortified to 15% — develops Flor — Biological Aging
2) fortified to 17-18% — no Flor protection — Oxidative Aging

Aging and Maturation:
— The Solera System: get the effects of older wine but also the vitality of youth, Sherry gives a lot of flavor because the Solera system is difficult to replicate

20
Q

Madeira

A

— fortified wine
— Madeira is Portuguese word for wood

Location:
— Island off the coast of Moroccan Coast
— 625 miles from the mainland Portugal

Climate:
— Subtropical

Topography:
— Monutainous
— Volcanic Soil

Vinification:
— fortification: timing
— Heating: causing maderization, sugars caramelize, promotes complete oxidation

1 - Estufagem Tank - tank heated up to 120 degrees
2 - Canteiro Cask

Soil: rich volcanic soil

White Grapes:
— Sercial (driest style) - will always be dry
— Verdelho
— Boal
— Malmsey (sweetest style) - will always be sweet

Red Grapes:
— Tinta Negra

Producers: 8 producers total

Aging:
— most Madeira’s are blended
— age indications are typically seen as 5, 10, 15 and 20 years old

21
Q

Port

A

— fortified wine

Location:
— Northern Portugal
— Douro River 
— Vila Nova de Gaia 
— goes back to 1700s

Climate:
— warm to hot Mediterranean

Topography / Aspect:
— Mountainous
— incredibly steep, rugged hillsides

Regions:
— Baixo Corgo - gets wet
— Cima Corgo - sweet spot where all the great vineyards are
— Douro Superior

Soil: schist soil, also some granite

Grape: Touriga Nacional

Viticulture: steep hillsides vineyards

Vinification:
— fortified during fermentation with Agiardente
— based on sugar reading
— alcohol level is 19-22%

Aging: length of time in bottle, barrel or both

Port Styles:

  1. Ruby Port
  2. Late bottled vintage Port (LBV)
  3. Vintage Port:
    • less than 3% of all Port Production
    • usually 2 years wood aging
    • produced from too quintas
    • declared vintages
  4. Single Quinta Port
    • fruit sourced from the best Quintas
    • non-declared vintages
  5. Aged Tawny Port
    • matured entirely in cask
    • top wines
    • age declarations: 10yr, 20yr, 30yr, 40yr
22
Q

Vins Doux Naturals

A

— French fortified wines
— fortified during fermentation
— fortified

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venice
— Southern Rhône Valley
— Muscat Blanc / Rouge

Banyuls
— Roussillon, France
— Grenache
— don’t see much aged Banyuls like you see with Port

23
Q

Which of the following Port styles is simple, inexpensive and considered a house brand?

A

Ruby Port

24
Q

A Solera is used for which part of the vinification process?

A

Maturation process

25
Q

Which of the following wines is matured under a layer of Flor?

A

Fino Sherry

26
Q

What type of wine is Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise?

A

Vin Doux Naturel

27
Q

Describe each Madeira grape style below as either sweet or dry

A

Sercial — Dry
Verdelho — Dry
Boal — Sweet
Malmsey — Sweet

28
Q

Which grape variety and soil combination produces the highest quality Sherry?

A

Palomino Grape and Albariza Soil

29
Q

Aguardente is defined as

A

Neutral Grape Spirit used for Port production

30
Q

Which of the following is the main grape of Port?

A

Touriga Nacional

31
Q

Banyuls is a sweet fortified wine from?

A

France made with the Grenache grape

Sommelier (27 decks)

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