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Sommelier > Spain > Flashcards

Spain Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Glass for SHERRY

A

Copita- 2.3 to 3 ounce measures

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2
Q

Iconic Sherry producer

A

Valdespino

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3
Q

Climate of Sherry

A

A lot of sun, hot and humid

  • Mediterranean Climate with low seasonal rainfall
  • Mild Winters and Extremely Hot Summers

Levante Wind - is Hot Dry wind from the East
Poniente Wind - is Hunid Atlantic Wind

The Poniente wind alternates with the howling Levante wind, promoting the growth of Flor, a film-forming yeast necessary in the maturation of Sherry

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4
Q

Describe the Solera System and the role it plays

A

Solera System - is a method for Fractional Blending used for making Sherry

  • old wine is constantly refreshed with younger wine to ensure consistency
  • wine is take from cask in one criadera and blended into a cask from the next
  • this is critical for the eveness of the product
  • Saca y Rocio “running the scales”
    Saca = to remove wine (legally can never remove more than 1/3 of the Solera per saca)
    Rocio = to refill wine
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5
Q

Grape Varities used in Sherry

A

3 White Grapes are authorized for the production of Sherry:

  1. Palomino -
  2. Pedro Ximenez (PX) - for sweet wine or blending
  3. Moscatel - for sweet wine and or blending
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6
Q

Soil used for Sherry

A

Albariza Soil - very chalky with high levels of calcium and limestone

  • highly porous, retaining moisture during hot summer months and dries as a crust on surface, protecting moisture below
  • considered the best soil for Palomino grape
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7
Q

Barros soil

A

Barros Soil - is dark brown valley soils with clay content

- best for Pedro Ximenez and Moscatel grapes that are used to grow Sherry

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8
Q

Arenas Soil

A

Arenas Soil - yellowish soils with high sand content, one of the three soils used to grow Sherry grapes

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9
Q

Top Sherry Producers

A

Lustau

Emilio Hidalgo

Equipo Navazos

Tio Pepe

Valdespino - iconic producer

Bodegas Tradicion

El Maestro Sierra

Fernando de Castilla

Gonzalez Byass

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10
Q

Main style and flavors of the various sherries made

A

Fino - Biological Aging (uses Foor)

Oloroso - Oxidative Aging (does not use Flor)

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11
Q

Sherry Location

A

Southwest Spain in Andalucia

2 DOs:
Jerez-Xerxes-Sherry DO
Manzanilla—Sanlucar de Barrameda DO

Sherry Triangle: 3 main towns

  1. Jerez de la Frontera
  2. Sanlucar de Barrameda
  3. El Puerto de Santa Maria
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12
Q

Describe what Flor is & the function it plays in making Sherry

A

Flor is a Saccharomyces Yeast

  • it grows in the surface of casks with no more than 15.5% alcohol
  • it lives off nutrients in the wine and affects color - by metabolizing GLYCERIN, ALCOHOL & Volatile Acid
  • requires specific temperatures (59-86F) & moisture conditions to grow
  • low sulphur & tannins
  • grows in spring and fall and year round in coastal areas
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13
Q

Spain Quality Levels

A 
DOCa - 1st DOC awarded to Rioja in 1991, Priorat added in 2000
DO
VCIG
VdIT
Vino
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14
Q

Name the 2 DOCa regions in Spain

A

Rioja DOCa (awarded in 1991) & Priorat DOCa (awarded in 2000)

  • Spain only allowed two appellations with DOCa, the highest qualities
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15
Q

Vinos de Pago (DO Pago) Category

A
  • single estates only (17 of them)

- subclassification of DO level, with each estate guiding its own production

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16
Q

Principal red grape of Rioja

A

Tempranillo - 75%

Garnacha - 15%

Graciano

Mazuelo (Carinera)

17
Q

Principal white grape of Rioja

A

Viura (Macabeo)

Malvasia
Garnacha Blanca

18
Q

What is considered the best region of Rioja? Describe the soil type there?

A

Rioja Alta - considered best region

Clay soils with chalk and iron deposits

Chalky Soils - best for white varieties (Viura)

Iron Rich Soil - best for Tempranillo

19
Q

Principal red grape of Navarra DO

A

Garnacha and Tempranillo

Also grows Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot Noir

White grapes include: Chardonnay, Viura (Macabeo), Malvasia

20
Q

Top Rioja Producers

A

Lopez de Heredia

Marques de Murrieta

Marques de Riscal

Bodegas Muga

La Rioja Alta

Artadi (modernist)

Bodegas Rosa (modernist)

21
Q

Tempranillo Grape

A

Sight: Garnet to Medium Ruby, Light to Moderate Staining

Aromas and Flavors:
Fruit: Red - Cherry, Strawberry, Currant, Plum. Black - Currant, Blackberry

Herbal: Tobacco, Dried herbs
Other: Soy, Leather, Brettanomyces

Earth: Organic - Compost, Forest Floor. inorganic - Clay, Mineral

Oak: use of New American or Mixed American/French Barrels (Vanilla, Coconut, Dill, Cumin, Curry, Sandalwood)

Structure: Dry, Full Body, Medium to Med+ Tannins, Medium to high Acidity, Medium to High Alcohol, Moderate to Complex

22
Q

Rioja Aging Requirements

A

Generic or “Joven” - no aging requirements

Crianza Rioja -
red (2 yrs, minimum 1 year in oak) white/rose (2 years, minimum 6months in oak)

Reserva Rioja -
Red ( min 3yrs, minimum 1yr in oak, at least 6 months in bottle).
White/Rose (2yrs, min 6 months in barrel)
Sparkling - 24months on Lees

Gran Riserva Rioja
Red: 5 years (minimum 2 years in OAK & 2 years in BOTTLE)
White/Rose: 5 years (minimum 6 months in barrel)

gran Anada Rioja
Sparkling: 5 years (min 6 months in barrel)

23
Q

Name the DO for traditional method sparkling wine and the principal grapes

A

Cava DO in Catalonia

  • is Spain’s only traditional method sparkling wine DO
  • produced mostly in Penedes (95%), but DO locations are spread through several autonomias (regions)

Main White Grape Varieties in Cava:

  • Parellada
  • Xarel-lo
  • Macabeo
  • Chardonnay

Aging Requirements:

  • Cava: minimum 9 months on Lees
  • Riserva: min 15 months on Lees
  • Gran Riserva: min 30 months in the Lees
24
Q

Grapes used in Cava

A

White Grapes:

  1. Parellada
  2. Xarel-lo
  3. Macabeo
  4. Chardonnay
25
Q

Tempranillo Synonyms

A
  1. Tinto Madrid - Rioja DOCa
  2. Ull de Llebre - Penedes DO
  3. Tinta Fino - Ribera del Duero DO
  4. Tinta del Pais - Ribera del Duero DO
  5. Tinta de Toro - Toro DO
  6. Cencibel - Castilla-La Mancha
  7. Aragonez - Alentejo, Portugal
  8. Tinta Roriz - Douro, Portugal
26
Q

State the region and style of wines from Txakolina DO

A

Pais Vasco Region

Style: Light, Fresh and Tart, acidic and good minerality

27
Q

Name the principal grape of Rias Baixas and identify the region it’s located within

A

Rias Baixas DO is within the Galicia Region

Main Grape: Albariño - Dry, Fresh, Crisp (High acidity)

28
Q

Principal red grapes of Priorat

A

Garnacha & Cariñena

  • both are indigenous to Spain and were later take to France
  • other include Cabernet and Syrah
29
Q

What’s the DO within Valencia and describe its typical style of wine

A

Alicante DO - known for dessert wines

30
Q

Vega Sicilia - what’s the DO of the producer and the style and quality of the wine?

A

Producer: Vega Sicilia
Region: Castilla y Leon
DO: Ribera del Duero DO

Vega Sicilia - was historically the regions premier wine, called Unico - which was blended from Tinto del Pais (Tempranillo) + Cabernet Sauvignon + Merlot

This is the pinnacle of quality wine and the style is dry, earthy style

31
Q

Gratallops Project

A

The Gratallops Project is what put Priorat on the map in regards to quality wine production

32
Q

In which DO will you find wines made from the Albariño grape?

A

Rías Baixas DO

Northwest Spain

33
Q

Priorat DOQ produces which of the following styles of wine?

A

Powerful, dry red wines

34
Q

Which aspect of topography affects the climate of Ribera del Duero?

A
  • Strong Diurnal Difference
  • Warm to Hot Summers
  • High Elevation of the Meseta
35
Q

The main white grape variety of Rueda is?

A

Verdejo

36
Q

Priorat

A
  • dedicated to red wine production
  • dry temperate climate
  • stony schistous soils
  • Llicorella - black slate and quartzite soil found in the best vineyards of Priorat
37
Q

Top Priorat Producers

A

Clos Mogador

Clos Erasmus

Clos Martinet

Scala Dei

Vall Llach

Alvaro Palacios

Sommelier (27 decks)

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