New World Flashcards
South African Producers
Sadie Family Wines Kanonkop Meerlust Hamilton Russell Glenelly Estate Rustenberg Bouchard Finlayson Klein Constantia Buitenverwachting Boekenhoutskloof
Pinotage parentage
Pinot Noir x Cinsault
Vin de Constance
South Africa’s famous sweet wine
South African Climate
Mediterranean but becomes cooler in the coastal region of Western Cape - where it is more continental
Where does most of the South African wine production occur?
Western Cape
Benguela Current
Flows North from Antarctica to South Africa’s Western Cape, creating cooling breezes in the coastal area
Cape Doctor
Is a notoriously strong southeasterly wind, blows across Western Cape in South Africa throughout the spring and summer, inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temperature - but also ferociously battering the vines
Wine of Origin (WO) System
Introduced in South Africa in 1973
The wine must:
-be an approved cultivar (75 authorized)
-must contain 85% of stated grape
-must contain 85% of stated vintage
-if blended, may list several grapes but each grape listed must compromise a minimum of 20% of the wine
-if an area of production appears on the label, 100% of the grapes must come from the stated area
South Africa’s Western Cape Climate is influenced by?
Benguela Current - flows north from Antarctica to cool the coastal areas
The Cape Doctor - southeasterly wind that blows across the Western Cape in the Spring and Summer
Principal WOs in South Africa’s Coastal Region
Paarl
Stellenbosch
Swartland
Cape Town (Constantia)
Cap Classique
Is South Africa’s term for Methode Traditionnelle Sparkling Wine, which requires a 2nd fermentation
- requires a minimum of 9-months aging on Lee’s
- in higher elevation vineyards: Stellenbosch and Tulbagh
Which South African WO is suitable for Sparkling wine
Stellenbosch and Tulbagh
Cultivar
South African term for grape variety
What are the 6 South Africa’s Geographic Units (GUs)
- Northern Cape
- Southern Cape
- Western Cape
- Kwazulu Natal
- Limpopo
- Free State
What percentage of New Zealand wines use screw caps?
~90% use screw caps
Best known region for Sauvignon Blanc in New Zealand
Marlborough, NZ
What is the minimum % of the stated grape variety in New Zealand?
85%
Famous producer for New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc
Cloudy Bay producer
From Marlborough, New Zealand
Which grape varieties is South Island in New Zealand known for
Sauvignon Blanc - in Marlborough
Pinot Noir - in Marlborough and Central Otega
New Zealand North Island regions
Auckland
Gisborne
Hawke’s Bay
New Zealand South Island regions
Nelson
Marlborough
Canterbury
Otago
Where do you find rain shadow effect
Alsace - Vosges Mountains
Washington - Cascade Mountains
New Zealand - Southern Alps to the West
Argentina - Andes Mountains
Rain Shadow Effect in New Zealand
Southern Alps protect the east coast from prevailing wet westerly winds creating drier conditions more favorable for grape growing
Screwcaps in New Zealand
New Zealand is the global leader in bottling wines under screw cap, also referred to as “Stelvin Closure”
~30% of wine globally is sealed under screwcap， that figure rises to more than 90% in New Zealand
New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc
- is the most essential grape variety in NZ
- 1st Sauvignon Blanc was produced in Auckland, Northern Island of NZ in 1974 by Rose Spence
- 1st Marlborough plantings we’re established in 1975 and the first commercially available Sauvignon Blanc was made in 1979
- in 2002, Sauvignon Blanc became NZs most widely planted grape variety
- Hallmark of Sauvignon Blanc from Marlborough is it’s green-yet-ripe tropical fruit character, and typically has passion fruit or gooseberry like aromas and can also be described as herbaceous
- these qualities are central to NZ distinctive Sauvignon Blanc style
- the classic NZ Sauvignon Blanc offers intense aromatics, racy acidity and purity of fruit
- these wines are typically fermented at cool temperatures in stainless steel
What is the most widely planted grape in New Zealand
Sauvignon Blanc
Most widely planted grape in Chile
Cabernet Sauvignon
Most widely planted grape in Argentina
Malbec
Which grape varieties is North Island New Zealand known for
Bordeaux varieties- in Hawks’ Bay
Chardonnay
Syrah
Where is Riesling typically grown in New Zealand
Central Otega, South Island - for its cooler climate
New Zealand’s most planted red grape variety
Pinot Noir
Minimum % for Varietal Labeling Australia New Zealand South Africa USA USA Oregon Pinot Noir Chile
Australia 85% New Zealand 85% South Africa 85% USA 75% and 95% for AVA labeling USA Oregon Pinot Noir 90% Chile 75% (however, many producers observe 85% to comply with EU standards)
Australia’s most important Red wine grapes
Shiraz
Cabernet Sauvignon
Grenache
Pinot Noir
Australia’s most important white wine grapes
Chardonnay Riesling Semillon Sauvignon Blanc Pinot Grigio
United States first AVA approved
Augusta, Missouri in 1980
Agency that regulates US Wine Industry
US Treasury Department - Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)
American Viticultural Area (AVA)
US appellation system
Sonoma AVAs
Alexander Valley Chalk Hill Dry Creek Valley Los Carneros (shared with Napa) Russian River Balley Sonoma Coast Sonoma Mountain Sonoma Valley
California sparkling wine producers
Domaine Chandon - (parent: Moët et Chandon) Roederer Estate (parent: Louis Roederer) Domaine Carneros (parent: Taittinger)
California Regions
Mendocino - northern most region Sonoma - on the coast Napa - is more inland Santa Clara Valley Santa Barbara
California Pinot Noir
Merry Edwards producer - in Russian River Valley, Sonoma
Rhys producer - in Santa Cruz Mountains
Pisoni
Calera
Merry Edwards
Merry Edwards in Russian River Valley - known for Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc
New York AVAs
Finger Lakes - largest and fastest growing
The Hamptons, LI
Hudson Valley
State where winemaking started in the USA
NY
Country where winemaking began on the American continent
Mexico in 1521
2 important wine regions of Canada
Ontario and British Columbia
United States 2nd AVA approved
Napa Valley AVA approved in 1981
USA’s initial AVAs approved
Augusta, Missouri in 1980
Napa Valley, CA in 1981
AVAs that overlap both Oregon and Washington
Columbia Valley overlaps both Oregon and Washington
- within Columbia Valley - have Columbia Gorge and Walla Walla Valley overlapping
Oregon AVAs
- Columbia Valley (3 AVAs - including Walla Walla Valley)
- Willamette Valley (7 AVAs)
- Southern Oregon (6 AVAs)
16 AVAs in total in Oregon
Washington AVAs
- Columbia Valley AVA - most AVAs within this one (including Horse Heaven Hills, Red Mountain, Walla Walla Valley)
- Puget Sound AVA
14 AVAs in total in Washington
Washington Producers
Quilceda Creek Gramercy Cellars - in Walla Walla Valley Andrew Will Woodward Canyon Long Shadows Vineyard Chateau St Michelle Leonetti Cellar
Oregon Producers
Willamette Producers:
- Domaine Serene
- Domaine Drouhin
- St. Innocent
- Eyrie Vineyards
- Adelsheim
Ponzi Producer
Climate in Willamette Vallley in Oregon
Similar to that of Burgundy, FR in terms of rain
Hamptons Wineries
Wolfer Winery
Channing Daughters
Top California Cabernet Sauvignon Producers
- Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars - won the competition against Bordeaux 1st growths
- Robert Mondavi
- Chateau Montelena
- Harlan
- Heitz
- Dunn
Top California “Meritage” Style Producers
Opus One
Cain Five
Rubicon
Top California Rhone Style Producers
Tablas Creek Qupe Bonny Doon Alban Failla Gregory Graham
Santa Barbara County AVAs
Santa Maria Valley
Sta Rita Hills
Top California Pinot Noir Producers
- Merry Edwards
- Rhys
- Pisoni
- Calera
Humboldt Current
Humboldt Current cools the coastline in Chile
Zonda Wind
In Argentina
Argentina’s most important region and grape of Argentina and a top producer
Mendoza
Malbec
Catena and Zuccardi producers
Argentina’s unique white wine grape and where it’s grown
Torrontes in Salta Province
Most important grape of Uruguay
Tannat grape - known as Harriague in Uruguay and named after Pascal harriague
Chiles DOs
If labeled:
Costas or Andes - signifies a particular proximity of the vineyard to the coast or the mountains
Entre Cordilleras - between mountains, describes the valley areas between the coastal range and the Andes
Chile’s Wine Regions (DOs)
Atacama
—copiapo
—huasco
Coquimbo
—enquirer
—limari
— choapa
Aconcagua
—Valle de Aconcagua
—Casablanca — important, ideal for Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay
—San Antonio
Valle Central —Maipo — important, classic area for Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux varieties —Rapel Valley —Curico —Maule Valley
Valle Sur
Austral
Chiles 4 subregions of Valle Central
Valle Central —Maipo — important, classic area for Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux varieties —Rapel Valley —Curico —Maule Valley
What is unique about the Chile vines?
There are no cases of phylloxera thus-ungrafted vines
Name the Bordeaux variety that is important in Chile
Cabernet Sauvignon - is Chiles most important red wine variety by far
Chile’s Casablanca
Casablanca is a sub-region located in Aconcagua
Casablanca is ideal for Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay grape varieties
Chile Wine Producers
Los Vascos - Lafite Rothschild Winery Almaviva - Chachetoro and Mouton Rothschild collaboration Cousino Macul Casa Lapostolle Miguel Torres
Zonda Wind
Zonda Wind in Argentina - is a wild springtime wind that blows constantly and can strip leafs off of wines, and the wines end up developing thicker skins and thicker stems so that they don’t blow away, this prevents fungal disease
Who is credited with importanting European vinifera vines to California?
Agoston Haraszthy
