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France Flashcards

1
Q

Name the subregions of the Loire Valley

A

Pays Nantais
Anjou-saumur
Touraine
Central Vineyards

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2
Q

Define Méthode traditionnelle

A

the ‘traditional method’ used to produce sparkling wines. The term has been particularly useful since 1994, when the European Union ruled that the synonymous Methode Champenoise (Champagne method) could be used officially only in the Champagne region. Other analogous terms include ‘Méthode Classique’, ‘Classic Method’ and ‘Metodo Classico’. The process is defined by a secondary in-bottle fermentation, induced by adding a liqueur de tirage (a mixture of wine, sugar and yeast). The carbon dioxide produced by this secondary fermentation is trapped inside the bottle, giving the wine its sparkle. Other stages in the methode traditionelle include riddling or rémuage (in which the upturned bottle is regularly turned, to bring the dead yeast cells into the bottle neck) and disgorgement (in which these cells are removed). The final step before corking is dosage, in which the bottle is topped up with a mix of base wine and sugar (liqueur d’expédition)

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3
Q

Define Moulleux

A

Botryitized sweet desert wine

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4
Q

Loire Valley AOCs for Cabernet Franc

A

Chinon AOC
Bourguel AOC
St. Nicolas de Bourguel AOC

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5
Q

AOCs for botrytized Loire Wine

A

Bonnozeaux AOC
Coteaux du Layon AOC
Quarts de Chaume AOC

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6
Q

Sparkling AOC wine of Loire

A

Cremant de Loire AOC

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7
Q

Synonym for Muscadet Grape

A

Melon B or Bourgogne

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8
Q

Best subregion for Muscadet

A

Muscadet de Sevre-et-Maine

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9
Q

Main grape of Vouvray

A

Chenin Blanc

Vouvray AOC is in the Touraine, Loire Valley

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10
Q

Noble grapes of Alsace

A

Riesling
Gewurtraminer
Pinot Gris
Muscat

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11
Q

AOCs of Alsace

A

Alsace AOC
Cremant de Alsace AOC
Alsace Grand Cru AOC

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12
Q

Role of the Vosges Mountains in the Alsatian climate

A

Create a rain shadow effect for a dry and sunny climate

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13
Q

River that runs through Alsace and it’s direction

A

Rhine river runs north

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14
Q

Alsace labeling

A

By grape variety (vs regional labeling though out France)

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15
Q

Define negociant

A

Wine merchant - who buys grapes, must, grape juice and wine at various stages of completion and maturation. The results are bottled and sold under the negociants own label

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16
Q

Typical Alsatian wine style

A

Mostly white, dry, little to no oak, medium to high acidity, medium to high alcohol, more full and dry than German

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17
Q

Top Alsatian Producers

A 
Madison Trimbach
Hugel et Fils
Zind-Humbrecht
Domaine Ostertag
Weinbach 
Marcel Deiss
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18
Q

Alsatian Grand Crus

A 
There are 52 grand Crus
Brand
Ostertag
Eichberg 
Geisberg
Schoenenberg
Rangen
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19
Q

Gigondas climate

A

Mediterranean

It’s in the Southern Rhone Valley

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20
Q

Pouilly Fume climate

A

Continental

In the Loire Valley

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21
Q

Botrytized Loire Wine

A

Coteaux du Layon AOC
Quarts de Chaume AOC
Bonnozeaux AOC

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22
Q

Pouilly Fume main grape

A

Sauvignon Blanc

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23
Q

Cahor main grape

A

Malbec

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24
Q

Pomerol main grape

A

Merlot

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25
Savennieres main grape
Chenin Blanc
26
Sancerre main grape
Sauvignon Blanc
27
Champagne grapes
``` Chardonnay (white) Pinot Noir (black) Meunier (black) ```
28
Champagne Climate
Coldest, wettest, fine wine region in France
29
Champagne soil type
Chalky soil (belemnite and micraster)
30
Vosne-Romanée soil type
Clay soil (Limestone with Marl) In Burgundy, Vosne-Romanée is noted for producing the world’s most acclaimed Pinot Noir on clay limestone soil called Marl.
31
Champagne Blanc de Blanc labeling
White of whites - Chardonnay grape wine
32
Champagne Blanc de Noirs labeling
White of Blacks (Pinot noir and Meunier grapes)
33
Too Champagne Producers
``` Moet et Chandon (Dom Perignon) Louis Roederer (Cristal) Krug Perrier Jouet (Belle Epoque) Veuve Cliquot (La Grande Dame) Tattinger (Comtes de Champagne) ```
34
Define Cremant
Sparkling wine made in France (excluding Champagne region)
35
Chaptalization
a winemaking process where sugar or concentrated grape juice is added to grape must prior to fermentation, in order to increase its potential alcohol. This form of 'must enrichment' (see also cryoextraction) is most often practiced in wine regions whose cool climate makes it difficult for grapes to reach optimum ripeness. Chaptalization is not a well-regarded practice, and is illegal in some countries (most obviously Italy).
36
Disgorgement
a stage in sparkling wine production, whereby the lees on which the wine has been aged are removed from the bottle necks (it applies only to the methode traditionelle). By immersing the inverted bottles into a freezing solution, the lees solidify into a single frozen pellet. When the seal is removed from the bottle, this pellet is ejected, propelled by the pressurized carbon dioxide created by the primary fermentation. The space created in the bottle by the ejected lees is then filled with a mixture of wine and sugars (see dosage).
37
Dosage
a term mostly used in the production of sparkling wines, referring to the process of topping up a bottle to adjust the sweetness level as well as the volume. This mixture usually consists of wine and sugar, but on rare occasions it can also include alcohol to 'lift' the alcoholic strength of the final product.
38
Define prise de mousse
2nd fermentation in Champagne making
39
Define Remuage or Riddling
In champagne making, moving the dead yeast to the neck of the bottle
40
Methode Rurale or Methode Ancestrale
Fermentation seizes when it’s cold and then when it’s warm again, the yeast complete the second fermentation when it gets warm again - no secondary fermentation - wine is bottled prior to completing primary fermentation
41
Sweetness in Champagne
``` Brut Nature: 0-3g/L of sugar Extra Brut: 0-6g/L Brut: 0-12g/L Extra Dry: 12-17g/L Sec: 17-32g/L Demi-Sec: 32-50g/L Doux: 50+g/L ```
42
Name the AOC for Tannat grape
Madiran AOC in Southwest France
43
Name the Commune that specializes in Malbec
Cahors AOC in Southwest France | “Black Wine” - uses a minimum of 70% Malbec plus Merlot and Tannat
44
Name 3 Appellations in Sud-Ouest
``` Madiran AOC Cahors AOC Irouleguy AOC Bergerac AOC Pecharmant AOC Monbazillac AOC Gaillac AOC Jurancon AOC Fronton AOC ```
45
Traditional sparkling wine of Languedoc
Cremant de Limoux AOC & Blanquette de Limoux AOC - both use methode traditionalle - Grapes: Mauzac, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc
46
Languedoc AOCs
Cremant de Limoux AOC | Corbieres AOC
47
Name the Commune that specializes in Malbec
Cahors AOC in Southwest France | “Black Wine” - uses a minimum of 70% Malbec plus Merlot and Tannat
48
Traditional sparkling wine of Languedoc
Cremant de Limoux AOC & Blanquette de Limoux AOC - both use methode traditionalle - Grapes: Mauzac, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc
49
Name 3 Appellations in Sud-Ouest
``` Madiran AOC Cahors AOC Irouleguy AOC Bergerac AOC Pecharmant AOC Monbazillac AOC Gaillac AOC Jurancon AOC Fronton AOC ```
50
Which region does not have an AOC for Pinot Noir?
Bordeaux
51
Best sweet wines in Graves, Bordeaux?
Sauternes AOC Barsac AOC Cerons AOC
52
What is the most famous sweet botrytized wine in the world?
Chateau d’Yquiem
53
What are the Medoc 1st Growths premier Grand Crus classes?
``` Chateau Lafite Rothschild (Pauillac, Medoc) Chateau Mouton Rothschild (Pauillac Medoc) Chateau Latour (Pauillac, Medoc) Chateau Margaux (Margaux, Medoc) Chateau Haut-Brion (Graves) ```
54
Which grape is the Left bank of Bordeaux dominated by?
Cabernet Sauvignon
55
Which grape is the right bank of Bordeaux dominated by?
Merlot
56
What is the most widely planted grape in Bordeaux?
Merlot
57
Which red grape is not planted in Bordeaux?
Pinot Noir
58
What is the main white grape of Burgundy?
Chardonnay
59
What is the main Red grape of Burgundy?
Pinot Noir
60
What is the most widely planted grape in Bordeaux?
Merlot
61
What are the sub-regions of Bordeaux?
Medoc AOC Graves AOC Entre Deux Mers AOC
62
What is the climate in Bordeaux?
Maritime climate - moderate temperatures, there is humidity and mild
63
What type of soil is in Northern Graves?
Gravel soil
64
What kind of soil is in Medoc ?
Gravel Soil
65
What are the main white grape varieties in Bordeaux?
Semillon Sauvignon Blanc Muscadelle
66
What are the 5 communes within Sauternes AOC?
``` Sauternes Fargues Bommes Preignac Barsac ```
67
What kind of climate is good for sweet botrytized wine?
Wet/humid climate | Humidity allows the botrytis to grow on grapes
68
What is the only Premier Cru Superiur Classe of Sauternes?
Chateau d’Yquiem
69
Which region of France grows semillon grape?
Bordeaux Semillon is usually blended with Sauvignon Blanc
70
What’s the most famous region for Pinot Noir in France?
Cote de Nuit in Burgundy
71
What are the premier grand Cris classes A in St. Emilion?
Chateau Ausone | Chateau Cheval Blanc
72
Rhone Valley Climate in the North
Continental Climate
73
Rhone Valley Climate in the South
Mediterranean climate
74
Vin du Natural
a French term used for a style of wine with a high quantity of natural sugar. These wines are made by the mutage method, which involves the addition of grape spirit to stop fermentation – thereby retaining natural sugar. Grenache and Muscat are the most common grape varieties used for the production of vins doux naturel. According to French appellation laws, these wines should have an alcoholic strength of 15% to 18%, and a potential alcohol of at least 21.5%.
75
Mutage
A winemaking process to artificially stop or 'mute' the alcoholic fermentation of grape juice (must), resulting in a wine with high levels of residual grape sugar. It involves the creation of an environment inhospitable to yeast, either by the addition of grape spirit or sulfur dioxide. Mutage is a standard procedure for making vin doux naturel and fortified wines.
76
Condrieu AOC - Location, Main Grape and a notable producer?
Condrieu is located in Northern Rhone White wine from Viognier Notable Producers: Vernay, Guigal
77
Climate in Bordeaux?
Maritime | Moderate temperatures with humidity and mold
78
Main Southern Rhone grape Varieties
Red: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre White: Roussanne, Grenache Blanc
80
Pomerol dominant soil type,
Clay | Iron pan under sand and clay
81
St Emilion dominant soil type?
Gravel over limestone
82
Subregions of Burgundy
1. Chablis 2. Côte d’Or Cote de Nuits Cote de Beaune 3. Challonais 4. Beaujolais 5. Maconnais
83
What is the AOC for Sauvignon Blanc in Burgundy?
Saint-Bris AOC in Chablis
84
Type of soil in Chablis
Chalky Soil (limestone and kimmerdigian clay)
85
AOC from Cote de Beaune that allows red only?
Pommard AOC | Volnay AOC
86
Cote de Beaune Grand Crus
``` Corton AOC - Red and White Charlemagne AOC Corton-Charlemagne Batard Montrachet Chevalier Montrachet Montrachet ```
87
C’ote d’Or portion best known for White Wines
All white Grand Crus are in Cote de Beaune (except Musigny Blanc)
88
Cote de Nuits grapes
Pinot Noir predominates | Small amounts of gamay and Chardonnay
89
Cote de Nuit Grand Crus from Vosne Romanee?
``` La Grand Rue La Romanee Romanee Conti La Tache Richerborg Romanee-Saint vivant ```
90
Where is Pouilly Fuisse AOC and grape type?
In Maconnais, Burgundy | 100% Chardonnay
91
Pomerol important chateaus?
Perry’s Chateau Le Fleur Chateau Le Fleur Petrus
92
What are the four famous wine communes in Medoc, or Haut Medoc AOC?
St. Estephe Pauillac St. Julien Margaux
93
Red Bordeaux Grapes?
``` Merlot Cabernet Sauvignon Cabernet Franc Malbec Petit Verdot Carmenere ```
94
AOC in France for Rose only?
Tavel AOC in Southern Rhone - rose only appellation
95
Bandol grape?
Mourvedre grape | Bandol is in Provence
96
Rose grapes in Provence?
Grenache and Mourvèdre
97
Important AOCs in Southern Rhone
Tavel AOC Chateneuf-du-Pape AOC Gigondas AOC
98
Languedoc AOCs
Minervois AOC Corbieres AOC Limoux AOC
99
Roussillon AOCs for Vin Doux Naturel (VDN)
Banyuls AOC - 50% Grenache Banyuls Grand Cru AOC - 75% Grenache (must age in barrels a minimum for 30 months) Banyuls AOC Rancio (barrels are exposed to sunlight for a minimum of 2 years) Maury AOC Muscat de Riversaltes Rivesaltes AOC Grand Roussillon AOC
100
Regions of Champagne
``` Montaigne de Reims Vallee de la Marne Cote de Sezanne The Aube Cote de Blancs ```
101
Champagne Methode Traditionaalle Sur Lie Aging
12 months minimum Sur lie aging NV - 15 months minimum Sur lie aging Vintage - 3 years minimum Sur Lie aging
102
Most widely planted grape in France
Merlot
103
Northern Rhône primary grape
Syrah
104
Southern Rhône primary grape
Grenache (Syrah and Mourvèdre also famou)
105
Northern Rhône famous AOCs
Côte-Rôtie & Hermitage
106
Southern Rhône famous AOCs
Châteauneuf-du-Pape (18 permitted grapes)
107
What are the two best vineyards in Savennières AOC, Anjou-Saumur, Loire Valley?
Clos de la Coulée de Serrant AOC | La Roche aux Moines AOC
108
Clos
Burgundy labeling | Clos is a plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded by dry stone walls
109
Monopole
Burgundy labeling Monopole is a parcel of land with single ownership. It’s a vineyard owned by a single producer which is very rare to see in Burgundy
110
Cöte
Hillside or slope
111
Classic regions for Chardonnay in Burgundy
Mâcon Chablis Pouilly-Fuissé
112
Côte Chalonnais
Mercurey Givry Rully
113
Chardonnay in Burgundy
Les Clos - is a Chablis Grand Cru | Meursault
114
Pinot Noir in Burgundy
Pommard Volnay Gevrey-Chambertin Musigny
115
Gamay in Burgundy
Morgon
116
Aligoté in Burgundy
Bouzeron
117
What is the main grape of the Morgon AOP?
Gamay
118
Négociant
Merchants buy grapes, juice, and/or finished wine for blending and bottling under their own label
119
Domaine
Grower/producers that own the vineyards of which they are producing wine
120
Most important grape variety in the Médoc
Cabernet Sauvignon
121
Which area in Bordeaux is best known for not having a classification of its châteaux
Pomerol
122
What type of wine is produced in Entre-Deux-Mers
Produces only DRY WHITE wines
123
Where is Châteaux Haut-Brion located
Pessac-Léognan in Graves
124
How are wines classified in Burgundy
Burgundy classifies based on land and vineyard terroir
125
How are wines classified in Bordeaux
Classifies based on château or producer
126
In what year were the wines of the Médoc first classified
1855
127
What soil in Bordeaux is most suitable for Cabernet Sauvignon
Gravel
128
Vouvray AOP/AOC wine style
White wine ONLY: - can be Dry White - can be Sparkling - can be Sweet
129
How does Sur Lie aging affect a finished wine?
Sur Lie aging gives a wine additional expressiveness and richness
130
Tuffeau is an important soil type of which area?
Touraine, Loire Valley, FR
131
What is the main grape of the Morgon AOP?
Gamay Morgon AOC - is one of the 10 Beaujolais Crus in Beaujolais
132
How are the very best vineyards in the Côte d’Or designated?
Grands crus Crus - means growth
133
Monopole
Parcel of land with single ownership
134
Côte
Hillside or slope
135
Clos
A plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded by dry-stone walls
136
What is the primary grape variety of Les Clos in Burgundy
Chardonnay | Les Clos is one of the Grand Crus in Chablis, Burgundy
137
What is the primary grape variety of Meursault
Chardonnay | Meursault is in Burgundy
138
What is the primary grape variety of Pommard
Pinot Noir
139
What is the primary grape variety of Volnay
Pinot Noir
140
What is the primary grape variety of Morgon
Gamay
141
What is the primary grape variety of Bouzeron
Aligoté | White grape variety from Bouzeron AOC, Côte Challonaise in Burgundy
142
What is the primary grape variety of Gevrey-Chambertin
Pinot Noir
143
What is the primary grape variety of Musigny
Pinot Noir
144
Main grape varieties in Burgundy
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir Others: Aligoté- small plots in Bouzeron AOC in Côte Challonaise Gamay - primarily found in Beaujolais
145
Négoces of Burgundy
``` Joseph Faiveley: monopole - Mercurey Louis Latour Joseph Drouhin Louis Jadot Mommessin Bouchard Père et Fils ```
146
What is different about Corton and Musigny compared to other Grand Crus of their respective districts
All red Grands Crus are in the Côte de Nuits EXCEPT for CORTON Grand Cru AOC All white Grand Crus are in the Côte de Beaune EXCEPT for Musigny Blanc Grand Cru AOC
147
Grape that is allowed in Burgundy that mutated
Pinot Blanc is allowed in Burgundy because it mutated from Pinot Noir in a vineyard and is allowed to be planted in that one vineyard
148
Bordeaux White Wine
Dry White: is found in Pessac-Leognon and Entre-Deux-Mers - 80% Sauvignon Blanc - 20% Sémillon Sweet White: is found in Sauternes and nearby communes - 80% Sémillon -20% Sauvignon Blanc + Muscadelle in small quantities
149
Bordeaux Red Wine
LEFT BANK: Médoc Communes: - 70% Cabernet Sauvignon - 30% Merlot + Cabernet Franc and Petit Verdot in small quantities RIGHT BANK: St. Émilion and Pomerol: - 70% Merlot - 30% Cabernet Franc
150
Pomerol Classification System
Pomerol has no classification system bc it’s a small area of only 3 square miles of the most prestigious wines
151
Barrels used in Bordeaux
New 225-liter French oak baroque - used for both white and red wine - impart flavor and aromas: lending aromas of vanilla, toasted cedar, and spice - expensive - start at ~$1k - provide a lot of oxygen bc it’s a smaller vessel
152
Bordeaux 1855 Classification
- outside of the INAO - regional wine law - rated and categorized by price - 1st through 5th growths - 61 properties or châteaux rated - Napoleon the 3rd - got 61 châteaux to exhibit them by price and rate them - Chateau Mouton Rothschild was upgraded from second growth
153
Pessac-Léognan
- in Graves, Bordeaux - Northern part of Graves - dry whites and dry reds ONLY
154
Sauternes
- has to be a seeet white wine - two rivers interest and create humidity - humidity attracts botrytis which makes deliscious sweet wines - Sémillon attracts botrytis more than Sauvignon Blanc - located south of Graves
155
Entre-Deux-Mers
- for white DRY wines ONLY
156
Saint-Émilion
- located in the right bank - along the dordogne river near the town of Libourne - Soil: silt, clay, gravel, limestone plateau, sand - grapes: Merlot and Cabernet franc - Cabernet Sauvignon is planted in very small amounts where there is gravel soil - has its own classification system that is designed to change every 10 years
157
Saint-Émilion Classification System
- has its own classification system that is designed to change every 10 years Appellations: - St-Émilion AOP - St-Émilion Grand Cru AOP Classic Systems (3 tiers): - Premier Grand Cru Classé A: 4 now - Premier Grand Cru Classé B: 13 now - Grand Cru Classé
158
Anjou-Saumur
Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc

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