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Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology > Surveillance > Flashcards

Surveillance Flashcards

1
Q

What is surveillance?

A

To keep close watch over something or someone.

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2
Q

What are the main goals of surveillance?

A

Maintain and improve: animal health, welfare and economic viability
Protection of public health

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3
Q

What are the 5 purposes of surveillance?

A 
Rapid dz detection
Support dz control
Assess pop. health and safety
Produce info
Evaluate control programs
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4
Q

How does rapid detection of disease help?

A

Prevents catastrophic losses

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5
Q

How does supporting dz control/eradication help?

A

Situational intelligence and ID suspect farms for stamping out or control measures.

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6
Q

What is assessment of pop. health essential for?

A

Trade.

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7
Q

What is the info produced by surveillance used for? (4 things)

A

Setting research priorities
Emergency preparedness
Gov’t directed disease control programs
Vets and farmers to manage dz

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8
Q

What are the 3 components of surveillance?

A

Detection
Response
Communication

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9
Q

What are the 4 broad categories of surveillance?

A

Animal Health
Public Health
Biosurveillance
Food Safety

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of surveillance?

A

Active
Passive
Sentinel
Targeted

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11
Q

What is passive surveillance?

A

Little or no control over who provides saples (eg. volunteer)

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12
Q

What is active surveillance?

A

A committed effort to identify subjects for data samples.

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13
Q

What type of surveillance includes real time/syndromic (pre-diagnosis) surveillance?

A

Passive

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14
Q

What is sentinel surveillance?

A

A small group is monitored as an indicator of the greater population health or disease.

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15
Q

What is targeted surveillance?

A

Targets a specific segment of the population to enhance detection of disease.

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16
Q

What are the two veterinary reportable disease lists?

A

Federal

State

17
Q

What is the National Notifiable;e Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS)?

A

Lit of human diseases that are “reportable” at a national level.

18
Q

T/F: Each state decides which diseases are reportable within the state.

A

True

19
Q

What is the MMWR?

A

Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report

20
Q

What does the MMWR report?

A

Data sent in by state health departments.

21
Q

What is NAHMS?

A

National Animal Health Monitoring System

22
Q

What are the 4 goals of the NAHMS?

A
  1. Early detection and risk surveillance of foreign animal disease
  2. Early detection and risk surveillance of emerging diseases
  3. Enhanced surveillance for current “program diseases”
  4. Monitoring and surveillance for diseases of major impact on production and marketing
23
Q

What is BioSense?

A

A CDC program to track health problems as they evlolve

24
Q

What is Foodnet?

A

Active surveillance for foodborne disease in the US

25
Q

What are 3 pros of passive surveillance?

A

Continuous
Can detect emerging disease
Inexpensive

26
Q

What are 4 cons of passive surveillance?

A

Little control
Not a representative sample
Won’t work for less valued animals
Farmers may not report if stigmatized

27
Q

What is a pro of active surveillance?

A

Can be representative of the population

28
Q

What are 3 cons of active surveillance?

A

Expensive and labour intensive
Done once or intermittently
May NOT represent the population

29
Q

What are 3 pros of sentinel surveillance?

A

Less expensive
Often only thing available
Allows for early warning (intensive, multiple testing)

30
Q

What is a con of sentinel surveillance?

A

May not represent population

31
Q

What are 2 pros of targeted surveillance?

A

Enhance efficiency

Reduce cost

32
Q

What is a con of targeted surveillance?

A

May not be representative of population

Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology (15 decks)

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