Surveillance Flashcards
What is surveillance?
To keep close watch over something or someone.
What are the main goals of surveillance?
Maintain and improve: animal health, welfare and economic viability
Protection of public health
What are the 5 purposes of surveillance?
Rapid dz detection Support dz control Assess pop. health and safety Produce info Evaluate control programs
How does rapid detection of disease help?
Prevents catastrophic losses
How does supporting dz control/eradication help?
Situational intelligence and ID suspect farms for stamping out or control measures.
What is assessment of pop. health essential for?
Trade.
What is the info produced by surveillance used for? (4 things)
Setting research priorities
Emergency preparedness
Gov’t directed disease control programs
Vets and farmers to manage dz
What are the 3 components of surveillance?
Detection
Response
Communication
What are the 4 broad categories of surveillance?
Animal Health
Public Health
Biosurveillance
Food Safety
What are the 4 types of surveillance?
Active
Passive
Sentinel
Targeted
What is passive surveillance?
Little or no control over who provides saples (eg. volunteer)
What is active surveillance?
A committed effort to identify subjects for data samples.
What type of surveillance includes real time/syndromic (pre-diagnosis) surveillance?
Passive
What is sentinel surveillance?
A small group is monitored as an indicator of the greater population health or disease.
What is targeted surveillance?
Targets a specific segment of the population to enhance detection of disease.
What are the two veterinary reportable disease lists?
Federal
State
What is the National Notifiable;e Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS)?
Lit of human diseases that are “reportable” at a national level.
T/F: Each state decides which diseases are reportable within the state.
True
What is the MMWR?
Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report
What does the MMWR report?
Data sent in by state health departments.
What is NAHMS?
National Animal Health Monitoring System
What are the 4 goals of the NAHMS?
- Early detection and risk surveillance of foreign animal disease
- Early detection and risk surveillance of emerging diseases
- Enhanced surveillance for current “program diseases”
- Monitoring and surveillance for diseases of major impact on production and marketing
What is BioSense?
A CDC program to track health problems as they evlolve
What is Foodnet?
Active surveillance for foodborne disease in the US
What are 3 pros of passive surveillance?
Continuous
Can detect emerging disease
Inexpensive
What are 4 cons of passive surveillance?
Little control
Not a representative sample
Won’t work for less valued animals
Farmers may not report if stigmatized
What is a pro of active surveillance?
Can be representative of the population
What are 3 cons of active surveillance?
Expensive and labour intensive
Done once or intermittently
May NOT represent the population
What are 3 pros of sentinel surveillance?
Less expensive
Often only thing available
Allows for early warning (intensive, multiple testing)
What is a con of sentinel surveillance?
May not represent population
What are 2 pros of targeted surveillance?
Enhance efficiency
Reduce cost
What is a con of targeted surveillance?
May not be representative of population
