Prevention, Control and Eradication

Question 1

What are the 3 different levels of disease prevention?

Answer 1

a

Question 2

What is primary prevention?

Answer 2

Maintaining a healthy population.

Question 3

What are 3 examples of primary prevention?

Answer 3

Vaccination
Border security/inspection
Removal of risk material from feed

Question 4

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 4

Attempt to minimize damage after disease has occurred.

Question 5

What are 3 examples of secondary prevention?

Answer 5

Screening for breast cancer
Physical exams
Test and slaughter

Question 6

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 6

Rehabilitation after primary and secondary prevention have failed.

Reduce complications and maintain the best quality of life possible.

Question 7

What are some examples of tertiary prevention? (5 things)

Answer 7

Management of diabetes
Corrective horseshoes
Claw amputation for septic arthritis in cows
Eye enucleation (cancer)
Mastitis control program

Question 8

What is control?

Answer 8

Steps taken to reduce a disease problem to a tolerable level, and maintain it there.

Question 9

What is eradication?

Answer 9

Complete elimination.

Question 10

What is total eradication?

Answer 10

Disease agent has been completely removed from the area of concern.

Question 11

What is practical eradication?

Answer 11

Elimination of an organism from their reservoirs of importance to humans or their domestic animals

Question 12

What are the 4 states of infection?

Answer 12

Susceptible
Latent Period
Infection period
Non-infectious (removed = dead OR recovered = immune, carrier or susceptible)

Question 13

What are the 4 states of disease?

Answer 13

Susceptible
Incubation period
Symptomatic period
Non-infectious (removed = dead OR recovered)

Question 14

What are the 3 principles of disease control and eradication?

Answer 14

Reservoir neutralization
Reducing contact potential
Increasing host resistance

Question 15

What are 3 ways to neutralize the reservoir?

Answer 15

Remove infected individuals
Render infected individual non-shedder
Manipulate environment

Question 16

List 2 ways to remove an infected individual.

Answer 16

Test and slaughter

Mass therapy

Question 17

How can you render and individual a “non-shedder”?

Answer 17

Vaccination

Question 18

What are two ways to manipulate the environment?

Answer 18

Parasite control

Mosquito control

Question 19

What are 3 ways to reduce contact potential?

Answer 19

Isolation of treatment of cases
Quarantine
Population control and reduction

Question 20

What are 4 ways to increase host resistance?

Answer 20

Genetic selection
Good welfare
Chemoprophylaxis
Vaccination

Question 21

What are the 5 National Disease Control Components?

Answer 21

1. Animal heath law and regulations
2. Disease control management agency
3. Veterinary.Inspection services
4. Lab services
5. Surveillance, information, education, communication and training

Question 22

What are the three levels of animal health law and regulation?

Answer 22

International (WTO, SPS, OIE)
National (Animal Health Act, Animal quarantine laws)
State

Question 23

What is the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement (SPS)?

Answer 23

Agreement signed with nationals that join the WTO, giving nations the right to apply measures to protect humans, ONLY based on science, not disguised barriers to trade.

Question 24

Who is the Disease Control Management Agency?

Answer 24

USDA-APHIS

Question 25

Who is the Veterinary/Inspection Services?

Answer 25

USDA-APHIS Veterinary Services

Question 26

Who are Laboratory Services?

Answer 26

USDA-APHIS national Veterinary Laboratory Services

Question 27

Where are the 3 main USDA-APHIS labs located?

Answer 27

Ames Iowa (diagnostics, BacT, Viro, Pathobiology)
Plum Island (Foreign animal disease diagnostic lab)
National Animal Health Laboratory Network