Mosquito Borne Zoonoses Flashcards
What are the most important vectors of human disease?
Mosquitoes
What are mosquitoes an anthroponotic vector for?
Malaria
What are mosquitoes a MOSTLY anthroponotic vector for?
Dengue and Yellow fevers
What are mosquitoes a true zoonotic vector for? (3 things)
Rift Valley Fever, EEVs, West Nile
What are the 3 mosquitoe-borne encephalitides?
WEEV
EEEV
VEEV
What are the reservoirs for the EEVs?
WEEV and EEEV: birds
VEEV: rodents = enzootic; horses = epizootic
What is unique about humans and horses infected with VEEV?
Normally aredead-end hosts, but with VEEV can transmit diseaseback to mosquito
What is the mosquito vector for EEEV between birds?
Culiseta spp.
What is the “bridge” mosquito vector for EEEV?
Aedes
Of the EEVs, which is most virulent?
EEEV
What species are the sentinel for EEEV?
Horses
What is a risk factor for EEEV?
Outdoor activities in an area with EEEV infected mosquitos
How many people with EEEV are asymptomatic?
90+%
What symptoms do you see in people with EEEV?
Mild flu to encephalitis, coman and death
What is the case fatality rate for humans with EEEV?
~30%
What percentage of survivors of EEEV will have mild to severe permanent neurologic damage?
50-90%
Is there a treatment for EEEV?
No
What is the vector mosqutio for WEEV?
Culex tarsalis
What are symptoms of WEEV in humans?
Similar to EEEV, but much less rick of death
What are horses in the WEEV cycle?
Dead-end host
What mosquitoes vector VEEV?
Culex spp.
What mosquitoes are associated with epizootic transmission of VEEV?
Psorophora spp.
Aedes spp.
What is important to note about epizootic transmission of VEEV? (2 things)
Horses are a key reservoir
Human blood levels are high enough to infect mosquitoes
What percentage of humans infected with VEEV are symptomatic?
Almost 100%
T/F: VEEV is reportable in the USA.
True
How is VEEV monitored?
Pheasents are sentinels
How is West Nile maintained?
Bird-mosquito-bird
What is the vector mosquito for West Nile?
Culex
How many people infected with West Nile are asymptomatic?
~80%
Other 20% develop mild febrile illness
1/150 persons infected wit West Nile develop..?
Neuroinvasive disease
T/F: People have life-long immunity after infection with West Nile.
True
T/F: Humans and horses are dead end hosts for West Nile.
True
T/F: There is evidence to suggest that humans are infected with West Nile after handling dead/ill birds.
False.
