Surgical procedures Flashcards
what word does surgery come from?
the Latin word chirurgiae
what are some common complications in surgery?
hemorrhaging, infection, pain, and death
what are elective procedures?
procedures performed at the vet and owner’s convenience
usually done on healthy animals
what are nonelective procedures?
procedures that need to be done urgently
procedure
surgery to be performed
diagnosis
medical condition causing ailment that may require a procedure
what are the different types of abdominal incisions?
ventral midline (along midsagittal plane of stomach following the linea alba), paramedian incision (lateral and parallel to ventral midline), flank incision (perpendicular to long axis of body), paracostal incision (parallel to last rib)
what procedures are soft tissue procedures?
ovariohysterectomy, cesarean, orchiectomy, laparotomy, cystotomy, gastronomy, gastropexy, splenectomy, enterotomy, intestinal anastomosis, mastectomy
what procedures are orthopedic procedures?
onychectomy, intramedullary bone pinning, joint stabilization, femoral head osteotomy (FHO)
what incision is used for a laparotomy?
flank incision into the abdominal cavity
what procedures could be used for a gastric foreign body?
gastrostomy or enterotomy (resection and anastomosis)
what procedure is used for a gastric dilation and volvulus?
stomach gets twisted which cuts off circulation
gastropexy
animal could still bloat and have aerophagia (swallowed air) even after surgical correction
what are some common reproductive procedures?
ovariohysterectomy (spay), cesarean section (have to do if there is dystocia), pyometra (pus-filled uterus), orchiectomy (neuter), cystotomy (for uroliths)
what are some common ear procedures?
aural hematoma and lateral ear canal resection
what are some common eye conditions that could need surgery?
entropion/extropian eyelids, eyelid mass, protrusion of nictitating membrane, enucleation (eye removal)
simple fracture
clean cut break
comminuted fracture
multiple fragments
open (compound) fracture
breaks through the skin
salter-harris fracture
growth plate fracture
transverse fracture
a break that runs horizontal across the bone
linear fracture
break that runs vertical down bone, bone stays in one piece and it doesn’t move the bone
oblique non-displaced fracture
slanted break that doesn’t move the bone
oblique displaced fracture
slanted break that does move the bone, usually is also an open fracture
spiral fracture
bone breaks because of a twisting motion
greenstick fracture
bone cracks
not broken into pieces
how can a fracture be repaired through internal fixation?
plates, screws, intramedullary pins, wire
how can a fracture be repaired through external fixation?
cast, rigid splint, SK fixation, Kirschner-Ehmer (KE) fixation, ring fixation
what are some complications that could arise from internal fixation methods for fracture repairs?
the body rejecting the material used to repair fracture
what are some common orthopedic procedures?
internal fixation fracture repair, amputation, cranial cruciate repair, onychectomy
what are some minimally invasive procedures?
mass removal, biopsy, laser surgery, laparoscopy, endoscopy
incisional vs excisional biopsy
incisional is where an incision is made first to get to what needs to be biopsied, then biopsy is taken
excisional biopsies can be taken without needing to make an incision
what are some different types of biopsies?
needle, punch, bone
what postoperative care needs to be done?
check incision daily for redness, swelling, and discharge
sutures will be removed after 10-14 days
monitor for seromas (collection of fluid swelling beneath skin due to body trying to fill empty space)
what are some postoperative concerns?
dehiscence due to suture break, trauma, or knot slipping and evisceration (exposure of abdominal organs) due to sepsis or self mutilation
