Surgical procedures

Question 1

what word does surgery come from?

Answer 1

the Latin word chirurgiae

Question 2

what are some common complications in surgery?

Answer 2

hemorrhaging, infection, pain, and death

Question 3

what are elective procedures?

Answer 3

procedures performed at the vet and owner’s convenience
usually done on healthy animals

Question 4

what are nonelective procedures?

Answer 4

procedures that need to be done urgently

Question 5

procedure

Answer 5

surgery to be performed

Question 6

diagnosis

Answer 6

medical condition causing ailment that may require a procedure

Question 7

what are the different types of abdominal incisions?

Answer 7

ventral midline (along midsagittal plane of stomach following the linea alba), paramedian incision (lateral and parallel to ventral midline), flank incision (perpendicular to long axis of body), paracostal incision (parallel to last rib)

Question 8

what procedures are soft tissue procedures?

Answer 8

ovariohysterectomy, cesarean, orchiectomy, laparotomy, cystotomy, gastronomy, gastropexy, splenectomy, enterotomy, intestinal anastomosis, mastectomy

Question 9

what procedures are orthopedic procedures?

Answer 9

onychectomy, intramedullary bone pinning, joint stabilization, femoral head osteotomy (FHO)

Question 10

what incision is used for a laparotomy?

Answer 10

flank incision into the abdominal cavity

Question 11

what procedures could be used for a gastric foreign body?

Answer 11

gastrostomy or enterotomy (resection and anastomosis)

Question 12

what procedure is used for a gastric dilation and volvulus?
stomach gets twisted which cuts off circulation

Answer 12

gastropexy
animal could still bloat and have aerophagia (swallowed air) even after surgical correction

Question 13

what are some common reproductive procedures?

Answer 13

ovariohysterectomy (spay), cesarean section (have to do if there is dystocia), pyometra (pus-filled uterus), orchiectomy (neuter), cystotomy (for uroliths)

Question 14

what are some common ear procedures?

Answer 14

aural hematoma and lateral ear canal resection

Question 15

what are some common eye conditions that could need surgery?

Answer 15

entropion/extropian eyelids, eyelid mass, protrusion of nictitating membrane, enucleation (eye removal)

Question 16

simple fracture

Answer 16

clean cut break

Question 17

comminuted fracture

Answer 17

multiple fragments

Question 18

open (compound) fracture

Answer 18

breaks through the skin

Question 19

salter-harris fracture

Answer 19

growth plate fracture

Question 20

transverse fracture

Answer 20

a break that runs horizontal across the bone

Question 21

linear fracture

Answer 21

break that runs vertical down bone, bone stays in one piece and it doesn’t move the bone

Question 22

oblique non-displaced fracture

Answer 22

slanted break that doesn’t move the bone

Question 23

oblique displaced fracture

Answer 23

slanted break that does move the bone, usually is also an open fracture

Question 24

spiral fracture

Answer 24

bone breaks because of a twisting motion

Question 25

greenstick fracture

Answer 25

bone cracks not broken into pieces

Question 26

how can a fracture be repaired through internal fixation?

Answer 26

plates, screws, intramedullary pins, wire

Question 27

how can a fracture be repaired through external fixation?

Answer 27

cast, rigid splint, SK fixation, Kirschner-Ehmer (KE) fixation, ring fixation

Question 28

what are some complications that could arise from internal fixation methods for fracture repairs?

Answer 28

the body rejecting the material used to repair fracture

Question 29

what are some common orthopedic procedures?

Answer 29

internal fixation fracture repair, amputation, cranial cruciate repair, onychectomy

Question 30

what are some minimally invasive procedures?

Answer 30

mass removal, biopsy, laser surgery, laparoscopy, endoscopy

Question 31

incisional vs excisional biopsy

Answer 31

incisional is where an incision is made first to get to what needs to be biopsied, then biopsy is taken excisional biopsies can be taken without needing to make an incision

Question 32

what are some different types of biopsies?

Answer 32

needle, punch, bone

Question 33

what postoperative care needs to be done?

Answer 33

check incision daily for redness, swelling, and discharge sutures will be removed after 10-14 days monitor for seromas (collection of fluid swelling beneath skin due to body trying to fill empty space)

Question 34

what are some postoperative concerns?

Answer 34

dehiscence due to suture break, trauma, or knot slipping and evisceration (exposure of abdominal organs) due to sepsis or self mutilation