Surgical Instruments Flashcards
what part of the scissors are the tips?
the tops or tips of the blades
what part of the scissors are the jaws?
the blades
what part of the scissors is the box lock?
the part where the blades are joined together
what part of the scissors is the shank?
the continuation of the blades to the rings
what part of the scissors is the ring handle?
the part where you put your fingers
what part of the scissors is the ratchet?
the small parts that come off from the ring handles and meet in the middle space between the two ring handles
how do you grasp a ring instrument?
with thumb and ring finger
don’t put thumb all the way through the ring handle though
how do you pass an instrument to another person?
with the handle/ring handles towards them and put a little pressure when putting it in their hand so they know they’re holding it
how would you pass a curved instrument to another person?
with the curved side up
what are important things to NOT do with the instruments?
allow blood to dry on them, soak instruments in water or saline, sterilize them with the ratchets closed, use an instrument improperly, rough handle the instruments or dump them, use improper cleaning solutions/lubricants, allow water to dry on them
what are the categories of instruments and what instruments fall under each category?
cutting: scalpel, scissors
holding/clamping: needles holders, forceps, retractors
what are the different types of scalpel handles?
Bard Parker #3: small animal use, only fits scalpel blade #10-15
Bard Parker #4: large animal use, only fits scalpel blades #20-25
disposable: not really used much
what are Tungsten-carbide inserts and how can they be ID’d?
they can be ID’d by gold plated handles
they are replaceable inserts that can be added to stainless steel instruments to extend the life of the instrument while still keeping them sharp
what are the benefits of Tungsten-carbide inserts?
forceps have better gripping of tissues, scissor blades stay sharp longer, only have to replace inserts not whole instrument
what are the disadvantages of Tungsten-carbide inserts?
more expensive, more brittle than stainless steel, can not replace scissor blade inserts
Iris scissors
delicate, small, short blades intended for eye surgery
suture scissors
removes sutures, one blade has a small hook that goes between skin and suture
operating/dissecting scissors
general purpose scissors that can be used to cut tissue, cartilage/tendons, fabric, sutures, paper, gauze, etc
what are the 3 different tip patterns of operating scissors?
blunt/blunt, sharp/blunt, sharp/sharp
Mayo scissors
mainly used on tissues, can cut tougher connective tissue/skin, has tapered points
Metzenbaum scissors
only used on delicate tissues, similar to Mayo scissors, has tapered points
Lister bandage scissors
cuts tape, cloth, plastic, etc
wire cutting scissors
cuts orthopedic wire and steel sutures, have great leverage
two types: curvy one is the Heath wire cutting scissors
which scissors are the sharpest?
black handled scissors
what do needle holders do?
grips surgical needles that are curved and to tie knots in suture material, grip prevents rotation of needle
they have serrated jaw faces
Olsen-Hegar needle holder
includes scissors
Mayo-Hegar needle holder
does not include scissors
derf needle holder
the baby size of the mayo-hegar
castroviejo needle holder
small and delicate
mathieu needle holder
similar to castroviejo needle holder but with longer jaws and the handle is different
what are forceps used for?
to grasp and hold firmly or compress tissue and/or grip material with least amount of trauma
Allis tissue forceps
has a few teeth on gripping surface to grip tough connective tissue
babcock forceps
similar to Allis forceps but have fine longitudinal serrations instead of teeth on gripping surface
used to grip intestinal tissue, less traumatic
what are dressing thumb forceps used for?
has serrations for gripping gauze, cotton, tape, and other dressings
Adson dressing thumb forceps
wide body and a narrow jaw
Adson tissue thumb forceps
wide body and a narrow jaw with rat teeth
Adson-Brown tissue thumb forceps
wide body and a narrow jaw with broad intermeshing teeth
DeBakey thoracic thumb tissue forceps
has a ridge/groove design for grasping delicate tissue
Russian thumb tissue forceps
has a traumatic bulky tip for skin/tissue being removed
mosquito hemostatic forceps
used to clamp small bleeding vessels
has transverse serrations on entire jaw surface
what are the Kelly and Crile hemostatic forceps used for and what makes them different from each other?
they are able to clamp larger vessels and tissue stumps
Kelly hemostats have serrations on most of the jaw surface but not the entire surface
Crile hemostats have serrations on the entire jaw surface
carmalt/Rochester carmalt hemostatic forceps
clamps stumps and pedicles
has longitudinal serrations with a few cross serrations at the tip, larger than Kelly and Crile hemostats
pean/Rochester pean hemostatic forceps
similar to Carmalt forceps except serrations are transverse
Ochsner/Rochester-Ochsner hemostatic forceps
can clamp blood vessels and/or grasp tissue
jaws have transverse serrations on entire surface, tips have 1x2 teeth to prevent slipping of large bundles of clamped tissue
Fergusen angiotribe
can clamp and crush tissue like uterine body and cervix during OVH
has a raised ridge on 1 jaw and a matching groove on the other
backhaus towel clamp
used to secure drapes to a patient
what are the different types of towel clamps called?
backhaus, Roeder, Jones, Lorna (Edna)
Roeder towel clamp
similar to backhaus but has balls near the points
Lorna towel clamp
similar to backhaus but has non-penetrating tips
Doyen intestinal clamp
non-traumatizing, used during anastomosis Sx
has longitudinal serrations
which retractors are manual/handheld?
Army retractor, Senn retractor, Spay/Snook hook retarctor
Army (Army/Navy) retractor
has blunt edges that manually open edges of an incision or to retract an organ/tissue from surgeon’s visual field
Senn retractor
rake or fork like end that is used to manually retract or move tissue layers, particularly muscle
spay/snook hook retractor
manual
used to pull uterine horns and ovaries out
which retractors are mechanical/self-retaining?
Weitlaner, Balfour, Gelpi, Finochietto
Weitlaner retractor
mechanical
rake/fork like ends used to spread tissues apart
Balfour retractor
mechanical
spreads tissues in 3 directions
Gelpi retractor
mechanical
has pointed ends used to spread tissues apart, typically used on muscle
Finochietto retractor
mechanical
ratchetted, used to open rib cage
bone mallet
used with a bone chisel or osteotome
used for removing bone
Gigli wire saw and handles
barbed wire-like bone saw
bone file
removes rough edges, spurs, or points
bone rasp
used like a file but to remove bone in larger amounts and has a rougher surface
bone curette
spoon-like end used to scoop/scrape material from bone/bone marrow
Rongeurs
used like pliers to remove or break off bone
periosteal elevator
separates tissue (periosteum) from bone and can be used as a lever to elevate bone ends
Kerns bone holding forceps
grasps bone firmly without injuring periosteal layer or other tissues
intramedullary pins
used for internal fixation
stainless steel pins placed in bone marrow cavity, can come with or without threads, most common point is called trocar
hand chuck/ Jacob’s chuck with key
hand drill for IM pins
uses extensions for safety for longer pins and a plug for shorter pins
cannulated pin cutter
used to cut IM pins to size
cannulated= tube like hole
orthopedic or cerclage wire
stainless steel wire used to wrap around and stabilize a bone fracture
diameter measured in gauge, smaller #=larger diameter
Michele Trephine
used for bone biopses or to drill small holes in skull/sinus
cast cutter
removes cast material
sponge forceps
used with gauze sponges to perform a final patient scrub or for dabbing blood
Chalazion clamp
used for eyelid growth removal
eyelid speculum
holds open eyelids
lacrimal cannulas
used to irrigate and probe lacrimal ducts
what are the different suction tips called?
Frazier, Yankauer, Poole
