Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Surgical conditions of the Horse > Flashcards

Surgical conditions of the Horse Flashcards

1
Q

Primary problems

A 
nasal discharge
exercise intolerance/poor athletic performance
abnormal resp noise - stridor/stertor
epistaxis
swelling of neck/head
cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

workup of upper resp disease

A 
history
signalment
PE
exam at work
exam of LRT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

exam of URT

A 
nasal discharge
facial symmetry
airflow
palpate - nostrils, nasal septum, sinuses, gutteral pouches, regional nodes, larynx, trachea
percuss - paranasal sinuses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

special exams

A 
endoscope
radiograph/CT scan
sinoscopy
bacterial culture/sensitivity
biopsy for cytology/histopathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dynamic exam

A 
treadmill/overground
endoscopy at high speed
measure airway pressure
ECG
assess lameness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

source of nasal discharge - laterality

A

unilateral - sinuses, nasal passage, guttural pouch

bilateral - lungs pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nasal discharge - odour

A

dental disease
neoplasia
necrotising LRT disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nasal discharge - no odour

A

LRT disease
sinusitis
pharyngitis
pouch empyema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sources of nasal discharge

A 
nasal passages
paranasal sinuses
guttural pouches
pharynx/larynx
LRT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nasal discharge d/t nasal passage disease - causes

A

bacterial/fungal inf of septum/turbinates

neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nasal discharge d/t nasal passage disease - diagnosis

A

endoscopy

radiography, CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nasal discharge d/t nasal passage disease - treatment

A

medical
laser
surgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nasal discharge d/t sinusitis

A

find the source of the problem - PE, endoscopy, radiography, CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes of sinusitis

A

dental
bacterial + fungal infection
neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sinusitis - treatment

A

medical - lavage + atb

surgical - sinuscopy, remove cause, flap sinusotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sinoscopy

A

can be done in standing horse

different portals can be made to visualise the seperate sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causes of nasal discharge d/t gutteral pouch (GP) disease

A

GP empyema - most common
GP catarrah - excess mucous d/t infl
GP mycosis
GP neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gutterl pouch empyema - diagnosis

A

endoscope
radiography
r/o chondroids
culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

GP empyema - treatment - medical

A

pouch lavage
atb therapy
remove chondroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

GP empyema - treatment - surgical

A

different approaches for drainage + chondroid removal

tracheostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

nasal discharge d/t pharynx/larynx disease - causes

A

acute/chronic pharyngitis

acute laryngitis/epiglottitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nasal discharge d/t pharynx/larynx disease - clinical signs

A

stridor

cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

nasal discharge d/t pharynx/larynx disease - diagnosis

A

endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

nasal discharge d/t pharynx/larynx disease - treament

A

medical
transendoscopic surgery
laryngotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

causes of URT obstruction (noise) - consistency - fixed

A

mass lesions
chondritis
strictures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

causes of URT obstruction (noise) - consistency - dynamic

A

RLN
DDSP
AEE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

causes of URT obstruction (noise) - quality - stridor

A 
narrowed airways
RLN
mass lesions
chondritis
strictures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

causes of URT obstruction (noise) - quality - strertor

A

tissue vibration
DDSP
nostril problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

causes of URT obstruction (noise) - phases

A

inspiratory
expiratory
both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

causes of URT obstruction - nostrils

A

alar fold collapse

incomplete dilation of nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

causes of URT obstruction - nasal passage

A

septal disease
small nasal passages
eruption bumps
mass lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

causes of URT obstruction - sinuses

A

cysts

mass lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

causes of URT obstruction - pharynx

A

dorsal displacement of soft palate (DDSP)
postural compression
pharyngeal cysts

34
Q

causes of URT obstruction - larynx

A

recurrent laryngeal neuropathy
epiglottic entrament
arytenoid chondritis

35
Q

anatomy of DDSP

A

usually soft palate fixed to larynx
in DDSP it moves dorsal to the epiglottis
decr area of nasopharynx - incr resistance to airflow

36
Q

DDSP - clinical signs

A

expiratory noise - stertor
decr athletic performance
mouth breathing

37
Q

DDSP - causes

A

morphological abnormalities

neuromuscular dysfunction

38
Q

DDSP - diagosis

A 
dynamic endoscopy is best
Hx
rule out other URT disease
assess gutteral pouches
clinical signs
39
Q

conservative treatment of DDSP

A

treat concurrent disease
minimise poll flexion
keep mouth closed
tongue-tie

40
Q

surgical treatment of DDSP

A

sternothyroideus myectomy
thermal palatoplasty
laryngeal tie-forward

41
Q

sites of pharyngeal cysts

A

subepiglottic
dorsal pharyngeal
palatine

42
Q

signs of pharyngeal cysts

A

foals - dysphagia, pyspnoea

young adults - poor performance, resp disease

43
Q

recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN)

A

degenerative axonopathy of recurrent laryngeal nerve
left side
impared function of cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle

44
Q

RLN - clinical signs

A

asymptomatic at rest
inspiratory stridor at moderate exercise
decr athletic performance at high levels of exercise

45
Q

treatment of laryngeal dysfunction

A

grades 1 - 3A - no treatment
grade 3B - ventriculocordectomy +/- laryngoplasty prosthesis
grade 3C - same as grade 4

46
Q

treatment of laryngeal grade 4 dysfunction

A

high performance horse - laryngoplasty +/- ventriculocordectomy
low performance horse - ventriculocordectomy

47
Q

epiglottic entrapment

A

epiglottis trapped by subepiglotic mucosea + aryepiglotic fold
may be intermittent
stridor + performance
may be asymptomatic

48
Q

epiglottic entrapment - treatment

A

midline division of entrapping tissue

49
Q

epiglottic hypoplasia/deformity

A

predisposes to DDSP + epiglottic entrapment

50
Q

arytenoid chondritis

A

chronic infection of arytenoid cartilage

aetiology unknown

51
Q

arytenoid chondritis - clinical signs

A

similar to laryngeal hemiplegia
stridor during work
asymptomatic at rest

52
Q

arytenoid chondritis - treatment

A

excision of intraluminal protuberances

removal of affected arytenoid cartilage

53
Q

dynamic obstructions - examples

A 
pisplaced soft palate
nasopharyngeal collapse
epiglottic retroversion
axial deviation
aryepiglottic folds
intermittent epiglotic entrapment
54
Q

causes of stridor in foals

A

pharyngeal cysts
choanal atresia
bilateral recurrent laryngeal neuropathy
gutteral pouch tympany

55
Q

progressive ethmoidal haematoma (PEH)

A

enlarging, non-neoplastic mass lesions in the ethmoid turbinate

56
Q

PEH - histology

A

capsule of resp mucosa + fibrous tissue

stroma of blood, fibrous tissue, macrophages, giant cells + haemosiderocytes

57
Q

ethmoid haematoma - clinical signs

A

spontaneous epistaxis

bilateral in 15-30%

58
Q

ethmoid haematoma - endoscopy

A

smooth green/black to red/brown mass in ethmoid region

59
Q

ethmoid haematoma - radiography

A

defines size

smooth, well-circumscribed mass rostral to ethmoid labyrinth

60
Q

ethmoid haematoma - diagnosis + DDx

A

biopsy of lesions

neoplasia, fungal infection/trauma

61
Q

ethmoid haematoma - conventional treatment

A

excise via maxillary/frontonasal bone flap

profuse bleeding

62
Q

ethmoid haematoma - laser treatment

A

can be used to destroy lesions
avoids flap sinusotomy
expensive + multiple treatment

63
Q

ethmoid haematoma - treating with intralesional formalin

A

low equipment cost

needs repeated treatments

64
Q

guttural pouch mycosis - causes

A

fungal (apergillus)

65
Q

guttural pouch mycosis - clincal signs

A

epistaxis
dysphagia
nasal discharge
horners syndrome

66
Q

guttural pouch mycosis - diagnosis

A

endoscopy

radiography

67
Q

guttural pouch mycosis - treatment

A

epistaxis - ligate or occlusion
mycotic lesion - antifungals
supportive care

68
Q

fungal sinusitis

A

may be with nasal discharge/epistaxis
unknown cause
diagnose by sinoscopy
treat with sinus lavage

69
Q

atheroma - clinical signs

A

sebaceous cyst in nasal diverticulum
in 1st 2 years of life
uni/bilateral
cosmetic, not obstructive

70
Q

atheroma - treatment

A

surgical excision

drainage + chemical ablation of secretory lining

71
Q

causes of sinus swelling

A

cysts
neoplasia
PEH
obstucted nasomaxillary orifice

72
Q

sinus cysts - cause + clinical signs

A

congeital cystic dysplasia of sinus mucosa

decr airflow on affected side, nasal discharge

73
Q

sinus cysts - treatment + prognosis

A

breakdown of cyst walls via flap sinusotomy

prognosis guearded

74
Q

sinus neoplasia - types

A

squamous cell carcinoma

types of sarcoma

75
Q

sinus neoplasia - clinical signs

A

facial swelling
decr airflow of affected side
nasal discharge
epiphora

76
Q

sinus neoplasia - treatment + prognosis

A

excision

v.poor

77
Q

gutteral pouch tympany

A

excessive air in gutteral pouch

congenital or acquired

78
Q

gutteral pouch tympany - clinical signs

A

tympanitic swelling in parotid region
uin/bilateral
severe cases - dysphagia, resp disease

79
Q

gutteral pouch tympany - treatment - unilateral

A

fenestration of median septum via vibrog’s triangle

80
Q

gutteral pouch tympany - treatment - bilateral

A

fenestration of median septum

resection of lateral lamina of auditory tube

Respiratory (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions