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Respiratory > Approach to dyspneoa + common conditions in dogs + cats > Flashcards

Approach to dyspneoa + common conditions in dogs + cats Flashcards

1
Q

causes of dyspnoea - 5 catagories

A 
obstruction of airways
loss of thoracic capacity
pulmonary parenchymal disease
Pulmonary vascular disease
others - metabolic/physiological/vascular
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2
Q

upper airway obstruction often characterized by…

A

incr resp noise + inspiratory dyspnoea

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3
Q

obstruction of airways - causes

A 
neoplasia
trauma
foreign body
laryngeal paralysis
brachycephalic obstructive airway disease
tracheal/bronchial collapse
lymphosarcoma
asthma/bronchospasm
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4
Q

causes of loss of thoracic capacity

A 
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
neoplasia
ruptured diaphram
cranial abdominal disease
gross cardiomegaly
peritoneo-pericardio-diaphramatic hernia
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5
Q

pulmonary parenchymal disease associated with…

A

audible crackles, esp if theres alveolar flooding or fibrosis

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6
Q

pulmonary parenchymal disease - causes

A 
pulmonary oedema 
neoplasia
pulmonary haemorrhage
bronchopneumonia
paraquat poisoning
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
LRT parasites
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7
Q

metabolic/physiological causes

A 
hyperthermia
obesity
pulmonary thromboembolism
exitement/exercise 
acidosis
anaemia
CNS disease
endocrine
neuormuscular disease
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8
Q

most effective confirmation of pulmonary parenchymal or pleural disease is…

A

thoracic radiography

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9
Q

haematology + biochemistry

A

looks for evidence of infl disease

discriminate between eosinophilic + neutrophilic infl

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10
Q

predominantly eosinophilc infl in which diseases

A

asthma, pulmonary infiltrate, parasitism

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11
Q

predominantly neutrophilc infl in which disease

A

pnemonia

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12
Q

tracheobronchial/bronchoalveolar washes

A

determine type of infl in the LRT

may be able to identify primary agent

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13
Q

infectious feline respiratory disease - aetiology

A 
feline herpes virus-1 (FHV-1) aka Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)
feline calicivirus
chlamydophila felis
bordetella bronchiseptica
mycoplasmas
(feline reovirus)
(cowpox virus)
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14
Q

infectious feline respiratory disease - clinical signs

A

vary in severity depending on infective organism
FHV has most severe signs
chlamydophilia can cause more ocular signs
calicivirus can cause lameness + severe + fatal systemic disease

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15
Q

infectious feline respiratory disease - diagnosis

A

clinical signs + Hx
less important for specific diagnosis in single case compared to an outbreak
viral isolation or bacteriology (bordatella)
serology not useful due to vaccines

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16
Q

infectious feline respiratory disease - treament

A

supportive care
mostly done at home to prevent spread of infectious disease
assist respiration
adequate fluid therapy
nutritional support - strong smelling to stimulate appetite

17
Q

infectious feline respiratory disease - specific treamtent

A

none for viruses
c.felis or b.bronchiseptica - oxytetracycline + doxycycline
avoid in young animals as causes enamel staining

18
Q

infectious feline respiratory disease - epidemiology

A

FHV + calicivirus can be chronically shed - continous or intermittently

19
Q

infectious feline respiratory disease - control

A

vaccines

not all strains of calicivirus covered by vaccine

20
Q

In order to cause dyspnoea and obstructive disease must either

A

Cause significant obstruction of the upper respiratory tract

Cause obstruction of a large number of the small airways of the lower respiratory tract

21
Q

Pulmonary vascular causes

A

Pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary thromboembolic disease

22
Q

Initial assessment

A

Obstructive - URT obstruction and dyspnoea associated with noise and increased inspiratory effort
Pleural - decreased respiratory noise on auscultation, fluid line on percussion
Pulmonary – may have increased respiratory noise on auscultation particularly wheezes and crackles
Metabolic/Miscellaneous

23
Q

emergency measures

A

URT obstruction - Establish airway, Anaesthesia and intubation, Tracheostomy
Pleural effusion/pneumothorax - Thoracocentesis

24
Q

feline herpes virus-1 (FHV-1) aka Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)

A

Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, tracheitis, laryngitis
Sneezing, hypersalivation, serous or mucopurulent oculo-nasal discharge
Dendritic corneal ulcers
Reproductive problems
Abortion
Congenitally infected kittens
Encephalitis and hepatitis

25
Q

feline calicivirus - signs

A

Oral ulceration
Rhinitis, conjunctivitis, interstitial pneumonia
Arthritis/lameness syndrome

Respiratory (21 decks)

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