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respiratory > Ruminant lungworm > Flashcards

Ruminant lungworm Flashcards

1
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus

A 
bovine
trichostrongyle
in trachea + larger bronchi
parasitic bronchitis
calves - poor thrift
dairy cow - decr milk yield
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2
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - immunity

A

rapidly acquired after heavy exposure

minimal age resistance

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3
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - pathogenesis - penetration

A

week 1
larvae migrate to lungs
no clinical signs

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4
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - pathogenesis - prepatent

A

weeks 1-3
development + migration of larvae - bronchiolitis - eosinophilic exudate - blocks passage of air - alveolar collapse distal to blockage - clinical signs (tachypnoea, coughing)

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5
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - pathogenesis - patent

A

weeks 4-8
worms mature + egg producing
Bronchitis (due to adult worms)
parasitic pneumonia

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6
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - pathogenesis - post-patent

A

weeks 8-12
most of worms expelled
clinical signs flare up in 25% cases
alveolar epithelialisation, interstitial emphysema, pulmonary oedema, 2º bacterial infn.

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7
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - pathogenesis - re-infection

A

Immune cattle only show clinical signs if exposed to v.large challenge
larvae killed in lungs
Parasite granulomata (5mm, grey-green)
Eosinophilic plugs in bronchioles

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8
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - diagnosis in calves

A

Seasonal incidence, previous grazing history, clinical signs
Faecal examination (Baerman technique)
PME

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9
Q

larval identification - lungworm

A

Short (300u)
Blunt tail
Intestinal

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10
Q

larval identification - GIT

A

Longer (700 -1,000u)
Longer tail
Intestinal CELLS

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11
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - PME - lesion distribution

A

Diaphragmatic lobes most affected

Plum-coloured areas of consolidation

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12
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - PME - lung perfusion

A

Remove heart, lungs and trachea

tie off pulmonary veins + wash out lungs + collect water

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13
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - diagnosis in adults

A

Seasonal incidence, previous grazing history, clinical signs
Faecal examination (Baerman technique)
Blood (and milk) examination (ELISA)
Grass examination (for larvae around dungpats)
Response to anthelmintic treatment

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14
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus - control

A

vaccine
Vaccinate 6 and 2 weeks pre-turnout
never mix vaccinated + non-vaccinated calves
prevents disease, not infection
can use anthelmintics with long residual activity

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15
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria

A

most important lungworm in sheep + goat
Chronic cough + unthriftiness
Temperate areas - sporadic
Warmer climates - disease outbreaks

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16
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - life cycle

A

Direct (similar to Dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle)

Prepatent period longer (5 weeks)

17
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - pathogenesis

A

Similar to Dictyocaulus viviparus

Lesions less widespread (fewer worms)

18
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - identification

A

short larva
dense food granules
blunt tail
protoplasmic knob on head

19
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria, Muellerius, Protostrongylus - diagnosis

A

Seasonal incidence, previous grazing history, clinical signs
Faecal exam (Baerman technique)
Post mortem examination

20
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - PME

A

Similar to Dictyocaulus viviparus

21
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - control

A

Difficult; outbreaks unpredictable
PGE control measures normally prevent disease
Outbreak - treat affected stock, house / move to
clean grazing
vaccine no longer ecconomical

22
Q

Muellerius, Protostrongylus

A

Common
not major pathogens
Little economic importance

23
Q

Muellerius, Protostrongylus - life cycles

A

Indirect )
Adult worms in alveoli / parenchyma (Muellerius)
or small bronchioles (Protostrongylus)
Prepatent period 6-10 weeks (Muellerius), 5-6 weeks (Protostrongylus)

24
Q

Muellerius - pathogenesis

A

Nodular lesions in lung parenchyma

25
Q

Protostrongylus - pathogenesis

A

Adult worms block small bronchioles - debris accumulates distal to blockage

26
Q

PME - muellerius

A

palpable nodules on/just under lung surface

27
Q

Muellerius, Protostrongylus - control

A

Unlikely to be necessary - non pathogenic

Difficult - wide range of intermediate hosts, prolonged survival of larvae in faeces

respiratory (21 decks)

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