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GI AM > Surgery for pancreatic disorders > Flashcards

Surgery for pancreatic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for pancreatic cancer?

A

Smoking
Chronic pancreatitis
Hereditary pancreatitis
Inherited predisposition

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2
Q

What noninvasive investigations are done for pancreatic cancer?

A 
Blood tests
CXR
Tumour marker tests
Ultrasound
CT
PET
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3
Q

What invasive investigations are done for pancreatic cancer?

A 
ERCP
MRCP
Laproscopy and lap ultrasound
Endoscopic ultrasound and biopsy
Percutaneous needle biopsy
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4
Q

What procedures can be carried out to palliate obstructive jaundice?

A

Palliative bypass

ERCP or PTC setnting

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5
Q

What procedures can be carried out to palliate duodenal obstruction?

A

Palliative bypass

Duodenal stent

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6
Q

What are the classifications of acute pancreatitis?

A

Mild- associated with minimal organ dysfunction and uneventful recovery
Severe- accosted with organ failure or local complications

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7
Q

What local complications may arise in acute pancreatitis?

A

Acute fluid collections
Psudocyst
Pancreatic abscess
Pancreatic necrosis

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8
Q

How does alcohol cause acute pancreatitis?

A

Direct injury- increases sensitivity to stimulation

Oxidation process

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9
Q

How do gallstones and ERCP cause acute pancreatitis?

A

Raised pancreatic ductal pressure

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10
Q

What general measures are used to manage acute pancreatitis?

A

Analgesia
IV fluids
Cardio, resp and renal support

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11
Q

What is used in monitoring of acute pancreatitis?

A 
Pulse, BP
Urine output
CVP
Arterial line
ITU
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12
Q

How are gallstones in acute pancreatitis treated?

A

ECRP, endoscopic sphincterectomy

Cholecystectomy

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13
Q

How is ischaemia in acute pancreatitis treated?

A

Support and correct cause

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14
Q

How is malignancy causing acute pancreatitis treated?

A

Resection or bypass

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15
Q

How is hyperlipidaemia in acute pancreatitis treated?

A

Diet

Lipid lowering drugs

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16
Q

What is a CT useful for in acute pancreatitis?

A

Acute fluid collections
Ascites
Necrosis
Monitoring progress of disease

17
Q

How are recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis prevented?

A

Management of gallstones
Alcohol abstinence
Investigation

18
Q

How is fluid collection associated with acute pancreatitis managed?

A

Early collection

Diagnose as pseudocyst or pancreatic duct fistula

19
Q

What are the late complications of acute pancreatitis?

A

Haemorrhage
Portal hypertension
Pancreatic duct stricture

20
Q

What investigations are done for chronic pancreatitis?

A

CT
ERCO/MRCP
Pancreatic exocrine function

21
Q

When is surgery used in chronic pancreatitis?

A 
Suspicion of malignancy
Intractable pain
Pancreatic duct stenosis
Cyst/pseudocysts
Biliary tract obstruction
Splenic vein thrombosis
Portal vein compression
Mesenteric vein thrombosis
Duodenal stenosis
Colonic stricture
22
Q

What procedure is used to treat intractable pain in chronic pancreatitis?

A

Celiac plexus block

23
Q

What is used to treat pancreatic duct stenosis?

A

endoscopic sphincterectomy
Dilation
Lithotripsy

24
Q

What is used to treat biliary tract obstruction?

A

Stent

Bypass

GI AM (34 decks)

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